Table 2.
Patient characteristics of patients in cohort II stratified according to their BMI and presence of NAFLD: lean patients (BMI <25 kg/m2) without NAFLD, lean patients with NAFLD, overweight patients (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) with NAFLD, and obese patients (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) with NAFLD
| B | Lean w/o NAFLD (n = 254) | Lean NAFLD (n = 169) | Overweight NAFLD (n = 317) | Obese NAFLD (n = 154) | P | ||
| 1 vs 2 | 2 vs 3 | 2 vs 4 | |||||
| Age, yr | 56.7 ± 8.2 | 59.6 ± 8.6 | 60.1 ± 8.5 | 60.1 ± 7.8 | 0.001 | 0.525 | 0.527 |
| Male sex | 83 (32.7%) | 89 (52.7%) | 233 (73.5%) | 93 (60.4%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.068 |
| Metabolic characterization | |||||||
| MetSa | 11 (4.5%) | 24 (14.4%) | 116 (37.8%) | 109 (71.2%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Visceral obesity | 23 (9.3%) | 24 (14.4%) | 144 (46.9%) | 142 (92.8%) | 0.111 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| WC, cm | 81.2 ± 8.6 | 86.9 ± 7.5 | 98.0 ± 7.6 | 110.4 ± 11.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 32 (12.6%) | 51 (30.2%) | 123 (38.8%) | 79 (51.3%) | <0.001 | 0.077 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 80 (61–102) | 99 (74–139) | 113 (92–152) | 128 (94–176) | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 69 ± 16 | 63 ± 14 | 54 ± 13 | 51 ± 11 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 143 ± 39 | 151 ± 37 | 154 ± 35 | 155 ± 35 | 0.068 | 0.339 | 0.386 |
| Dysglycemia | 63 (24.8%) | 70 (41.4%) | 186 (58.7%) | 113 (73.4%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Prediabetes | 56 (22.0%) | 58 (34.3%) | 144 (45.4%) | 74 (48.1%) | 0.005 | 0.018 | 0.012 |
| DM | 7 (2.8%) | 12 (7.1%) | 42 (13.3%) | 39 (25.3%) | 0.035 | 0.039 | <0.001 |
| IFG | 30 (11.9%) | 39 (23.6%) | 123 (40.9%) | 66 (49.6%) | 0.002 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| IGT | 19 (8.1%) | 26 (17.8%) | 43 (15.7%) | 29 (25.2%) | 0.004 | 0.578 | 0.145 |
| OGTT >2 hr, mg/dL | 109 ± 28 | 122 ± 34 | 126 ± 39 | 131 ± 43 | <0.001 | 0.303 | 0.071 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.99 (0.76–1.32) | 1.33 (0.98–1.82) | 1.86 (1.35–2.42) | 2.87 (1.92–4.18) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| IR | 4 (1.6%) | 15 (8.9%) | 68 (23.0%) | 78 (59.5%) | 0.002 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular characterization | |||||||
| Hypertension | 150 (59.1%) | 128 (75.7%) | 260 (82.0%) | 142 (92.2%) | <0.001 | 0.100 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 130 ± 17 | 136 ± 18 | 138 ± 16 | 143 ± 17 | 0.001 | 0.319 | 0.002 |
| CCS | 6 (2.4%) | 5 (3.0%) | 21 (6.6%) | 10 (6.5%) | 0.706 | 0.087 | 0.132 |
| FRS score, points | 5 (3–9) | 8 (6–14) | 13 (7–22) | 14 (9–22) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| SCORE, % | 1.4 (0.6–3.5) | 2.5 (1.2–5.5) | 3.8 (1.7–8.2) | 3.6 (1.8–7.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 |
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CCS, chronic coronary syndrome; DM, diabetes mellitus; FRS, Framingham risk score; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; IR, insulin resistance; MetS, metabolic syndrome; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; SCORE, Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation; WC, waist circumference.
Only patients were considered if data on all components of the MetS were available in the individual patient.