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. 2021 Aug 3;18(15):8223. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18158223

Table 4.

Classification according to criteria for defining signs and symptom regeneration time.

Classification Criterion
Clinical Anatomical Treatment
MSD Type Onset Mode Signs and Symptoms Injury Zone Rest Rehabilitation
0 Late Mild pain, which worsens with movement, self-resolving for up to 48 h. Ligaments/tendons
Muscles
No need No need
1 Sudden Severe pain at the time of injury, progressive, disabling or not, remaining for days.
Muscular contracture, pain on intense palpation, sometimes diffuse, local oedema, hyperaemia, presence of hematoma, pain on movement, decreased range of motion.
Ligaments/tendons
Joints
Muscles, Bones
Need Need
2 Sudden Acute, constant inflammatory pain worsens with movement, temporarily incapacitating and may remain for days to weeks. During palpation or free movement, moderate to severe pain may or may not have oedema and haematoma, decreased range of motion due to fear. Ligaments/tendons
Joints
Muscles
Bones
Need Need
3 Gradual Chronic inflammatory pain, of moderate to low intensity, with constant loss of function. Present during tasks, requiring the use of daily medication to control pain. It can worsen with task movement and decrease at rest, often related to paraesthesia. Ligaments/tendons
Joints
Muscles
Bones
Nerves
Need Need