Table 1.

Subgroup characteristics of HPV in ovarian cancer and borderline lesions by region, HPV genotypes, detection methods, and biological specimens of the included studies

Subgroup	No. of studies	HPV+/total cases	Range of HPV positivity	Prevalence % (95% CI)
Total	29	428/2280	0–81%	15.9 (11–22)
Geographic distribution
Asia	7	215/839	6–70%	30 (20–44)
Eastern Europe	3	32/134	7.4–81.5%	29.3 (4.4–78)
Middle East	8	175/665	1.9–42%	21.6 (13.2–33.4)
Southern Europe	1	3/71	-	4.225 (1.151–11.702)
Western Europe	4	1/442	0–0.7%	0.226 (0.011–1.270)
North America	6	0/129	-	0 (0–0.02)
Specimen
FFPE	19	359/1848	0.5%–52%	16.7 (11.6–23.4)
Frozen tissues	8	66/348	0.7–81%	14.1 (3–40)
Fresh tissues	2	4/74	2–6.7%	5.8 (2.3–13.8)
Detection method
Combined techniques (PCR/IHC; PCR/Southern hybridization; IHC/ISH)	4	50/161	2.6–52%	31.06 (24.4–38.5)
Nested-PCR (L1 Consensus primers GP5+/GP6+ and MY09/MY11)	4	124/426	1.9–42%	29.1 (25–33)
PCR (L1 consensus primer and specific HPV-type primers)	4	91/486	0.7–70%	18.7 (15.5–22.4)
Single-step PCR (L1 Consensus primers GP5+/GP6+ or MY09/MY11)	9	118/819	0.5–35.7%	14.4 (12–17)
PCR (specific primers for HR-HPV and LR-HPV)	7	45/353	0.5–81.5%	12.7 (4.7–10.3)
IHC	1	3/35	-	8.5 (2.9–22.3)
HPV genotypes
HPV16	15	145/266	0–100%	54 (27.9–55)
HPV18	14	72/304	0–100%	23.6 (18.8–28.26)
HPV33	8	42/346	0–70%	17 (10.2–18.06)
HPV45	7	7/138	0–7.1%	3.8 (0.8–4.3)
HPV6	8	30/246	0–100%	12 (6.9–13.5)
HPV16/18	3	20/116	15.2–100%	17.2 (4.4–20.3)
HPV16/45	2	11/114	2.3–13.8%	9.6 (1.9–10.2)
HPV16/18/45	2	4/114	2.3–4.1%	3.5 (0.3–4.5)
HPV18/45	2	3/114	2.3–2.7%	2.6 (0.2–3.9)

PCR, polymerase chain reaction; HPV, human papillomavirus; FFPE, Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded; 506 ISH: In-situ hybridization