Table 2.
Subgroup analysis by categorizing the data according to the geographic region, HPV genotypes, detection methods, and biological specimens of the included studies
| Subgroups | Test of null (2-tail) | Heterogeneity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Z value | P-value | Q-value | df(Q) | P-value | |
| Geographical region | |||||
| Asia | −2.7 | 0.006 | |||
| Eastern Europe | −0.7 | 0.4 | |||
| Middle East | −4.2 | <0.001 | |||
| North America | −6.460 | <0.001 | |||
| Southern Europe | −5290 | <0.001 | |||
| Western Europe | −8145 | <0.001 | |||
| Overall | −10.123 | <0.001 | 59.4 | 5 | <0.001 |
| Specimen | |||||
| FFPE | −7.4 | <0.001 | |||
| Fresh Tissues | −5.7 | <0.001 | |||
| Frozen tissues | −2.5 | 0.01 | |||
| Overall | −9.1 | <0.001 | 4.9 | 2 | 0.08 |
| Detection method | |||||
| PCR (L1 Consensus primers GP5+/GP6+ and MY09/MY11) | −2.7 | 0.007 | |||
| PCR (L1 Consensus primers GP5+/GP6+ or MY09/MY11) | −5.9 | <0.001 | |||
| PCR (specific primers for HR-HPV and LR-HPV) | −2.5 | 0.01 | |||
| PCR (L1 consensus primer and specific HPV-type primers) | −9.9 | 0.04 | |||
| Combined techniques (PCR/IHC; PCR/Southern hybridization; IHC/ISH) | −1.8 | 0.06 | |||
| IHC | −3.92 | <0.001 | |||
| Overall | −7.9 | <0.001 | 31.8 | 5 | 0.1 |
PCR, polymerase chain reaction; HPV, human papillomavirus; FFPE, Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded; 506 ISH: In-situ hybridization