Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Apr 11;22(3):595–614. doi: 10.1007/s11154-021-09638-0

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — Treatment algorithm of advanced NENs. AC, atypical carcinoid; CAPTEM, capecitabine-temozolomide; CDDP, cisplatin; CBCDA, carboplatin; CT, chemotherapy; EVE, everolimus; FOLFIRI, 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan; FOLFOX, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin; INF, interferon-alfa; NENs, neuroendocrine neoplasias; NET, neuroendocrine tumor; NEC, neuroendocrine carcinoma; PRRT, peptide receptor radionucleotide therapy; SSA, somatostatine analogues; STZ-5FU, streptozocin-5 Fluorouracile; SUN, sunitinib;TC, typical carcinoid; VP-16, etoposide. ^aIn somatostatin-receptor imaging positive tumors and/or refractory hormonal síndrome. ^bChemotherapy preferred upfront over targeted agents in G3 NETs. ^cWatch and wait may be considered in G1 very indolent tumors, particularly in older or frail patients. ^dCAPTEM may be considered after progression to all available treatments in selected patients with good PS and rapidly progressing tumors. ^eChemotherapy may be considered upfront in selected patients (rapidly progressing tumors, Ki-67>20%).^fEnrollement in clinical trials is recommended if available.^gCarboplatin is preferred over cisplatin due to its more favorable toxicity profile.^hThe treatment choice should be based on response to prior therapy, toxicity profile, residual toxicity from prior chemotherapy (i.e. neurotoxicity) and patient’s comorbidities and preferences (i.e. oral vs iv)