Table 1.

Summary of relevant blast-wave parameters (mean ± one standard deviation) measured in the shock-tube experiments.

Measurement	Parameter
	Positive phase			Negative phase
	Peak overpressure (kPa)	Impulse (kPa∙ms)	Duration (ms)	Peak underpressure (kPa)	Impulse (kPa∙ms)	Duration (ms)
Direct mechanism: Whole body (n = 5)
Incident	130.2 ± 16.9	192.9 ± 35.9	4.6 ± 0.2	− 33.1 ± 2.2	− 117.0 ± 21.1	6.9 ± 0.2
Intracranial	130.2 ± 8.1	186.5 ± 21.9	4.3 ± 0.8	− 40.1 ± 7.2	− 123.4 ± 33.4	6.9 ± 0.5
Carotid	155.4 ± 35.6	218.5 ± 50.8	5.2 ± 0.7	− 32.5 ± 5.9	− 61.1 ± 18.8	5.4 ± 0.4
Direct mechanism: Head only (n = 5)
Incident	127.7 ± 19.5	220.2 ± 55.1	4.8 ± 0.3	− 33.5 ± 4.4	− 134.7 ± 28.1	7.3 ± 0.3
Intracranial	118.5 ± 16.6	268.9 ± 56.2	4.6 ± 0.3	− 47.9 ± 3.2	− 125.2 ± 15.7	7.9 ± 0.4
Carotid	67.1 ± 7.0	149.5 ± 23.3	4.4 ± 0.3	− 35.9 ± 10.6	− 96.6 ± 25.9	8.2 ± 0.7
Indirect mechanism: Whole body (n = 8)
Incident	133.1 ± 13.7	282.0 ± 34.6	6.9 ± 1.4	–	–	–
Intracranial	114.8 ± 23.0	202.5 ± 75.3	5.9 ± 1.6	–	–	–
Carotid	132.3 ± 16.1	230.3 ± 61.6	5.8 ± 1.3	–	–	–
Indirect mechanism: Torso only (n = 8)
Incident	133.2 ± 5.1	236.2 ± 12.6	5.2 ± 0.1	–	–	–
Intracranial	24.3 ± 6.6	26.4 ± 4.6	2.4 ± 0.2	–	–	–
Carotid	28.9 ± 5.5	55.9 ± 12.5	5.1 ± 1.6	–	–	–