Table 3. Predictor of length of stay and cost of hospitalization among newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome, 2018.

Variables	Length of Stay (days)		Cost of hospitalization (US$)
	Beta-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value	Beta-coefficient (95% CI)	P-value
Intercept	2.1 (-0.2 – 4.4)	0.08	2718 (-3361 – 8798)	0.4
Gender
Male			Reference
Female	- 0.1 (-0.9 – 0.6)	0.7	405 (-1358 – 2167)	0.7
Race/ Ethnicity
White	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Black	-0.5 (-1.9 – 0.9)	0.5	-172 (-3421 – 3077)	0.9
Hispanic	1.1 (-0.4 – 2.6)	0.2	826 (-2711 – 4363)	0.6
Asian/ Pacific Islander	1.2 (-4.8 – 7.2)	0.7	14346 (181 – 28511)	0.05
Native American/ Alaska native	0.8 (-2.3 – 3.9)	0.6	141 (-7325 – 7607)	0.9
Preterm	0.9 (-0.3 – 2.1)	0.1	3031 (289 – 5774)	0.03
Low birth weight	2.2 (0.9 - 3.4)	0.0007	3528 (675 – 6381)	0.02
Respiratory complication	4.4 (3.5 – 5.3)	< .0001>	8268 (6115 – 10421)	< .0001>
Feeding complication	5.8 (4.8 – 6.7)	< .0001>	7737 (5471 – 10002)	< .0001>
Sepsis	4.1 (1.7 – 6.5)	0.001	12837 (7294 – 18380)	< .0001>
Seizure	13.8 (9.1 – 18.4)	< .0001>	71380 (60792 – 81968)	< .0001>
Hospital region
Northeast	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Midwest	-0.9 (-2.5 – 0.7)	0.3	-2815 ( -7252 – 1622)	0.2
South	0.5 (-0.9 – 1.9)	0.4	-4856 (-8749 – -962)	0.01
West	0.0 ( -1.7 – 1.7)	0.9	7098 (2488 – 11707)	0.003
Insurance type
Private	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Medicaid	1.8 (0.5 – 3.1)	0.007	-1924 (-5013 – 1165)	0.2
Self-pay/ Others	-1.5 (-3.6 – 0.7)	0.2	-6656 (-11666 – -1645)	0.01
Hospital bed-size
Small	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Medium	1.7 (0.3 – 3.2)	0.02	1401 (-2494 – 5296)	0.5
Large	3.0 (1.7 – 4.3)	<0.0001	5243 (1587 – 8898)	0.005
Urban/ Rural
Rural	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Urban non-teaching	4.7 (2.9 – 6.5)	< .0001>	5781 (1042 – 10520)	0.02
Urban teaching	7.3 (5.8 – 8.8)	< .0001>	12005 (7915 – 16095)	< .0001>