Table 4.

Associations of methamphetamine use and key socio-demographic, behavioral, and oral health covariates with affected sense of taste, stratified by route of methamphetamine administration

	Unfavorable response to affected sense of taste
	People who smoke MA (n = 382)				Other routes of use (n = 162)
	(n)	Unadjusted model OR (95% CI)	Multivariable model OR (95% CI)	Parsimonious model OR (95% CI)	(n)	Unadjusted model OR (95% CI)	Multivariable model OR (95% CI)	Parsimonious model OR (95% CI)
MA use
LightR	172	1.00	1.00	1.00	70	1.00	1.00	1.00
Mod/heavy	210	1.22 (0.78–1.90)	1.07 (0.65–1.77)	1.12 (0.69–1.83)	92	2.73 (1.41–5.28)	3.05 (1.47–6.32)	3.09 (1.52–6.27)
Age
< 45 yearsR	184	1.00	1.00	1.00	68	1.00	1.00
≥ 45 years	198	1.89 (1.21–2.97)	1.70 (1.02–2.82)	1.87 (1.15–3.04)	94	1.31 (0.69–2.47)	1.20 (0.57–2.54)
Education
HSR	132	1.00	1.00	1.00	62	1.00	1.00
< HS	117	1.39 (0.82–2.35)	1.19 (0.66–2.13)	1.18 (0.66–2.10)	41	1.36 (0.62–3.01)	1.03 (0.43–2.44)
> HS	133	0.64 (0.37–1.12)	0.54 (0.29–0.99)	0.52 (0.28–0.95)	59	0.67 (0.32–1.39)	0.79 (0.35–1.80)
HIV status
NegativeR	285	1.00	1.00		119	1.00	1.00
Positive	97	1.59 (0.98–2.60)	1.57 (0.91–2.72)		43	1.13 (0.56–2.29)	1.29 (0.59–2.84)
Depression/anxiety
NoR	208	1.00	1.00	1.00	72	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	174	3.04 (1.92–4.80)	2.69 (1.65–4.39)	2.69 (1.66–4.37)	92	2.65 (1.38–5.11)	2.67 (1.29–5.51)	2.48 (1.23–5.01)
Anterior caries ≥ 5
NoR	317	1.00	1.00		127	1.00	1.00
Yes	65	2.24 (1.30–3.87)	1.76 (0.94–3.30)		35	1.22 (0.57–2.58)	1.11 (0.45–2.72)
Root caries ≥ 3
NoR	91	1.00	1.00		28	1.00	1.00
Yes	291	1.43 (0.83–2.45)	0.98 (0.53–1.82)		134	2.51 (1.00–6.29)	2.14 (0.75–6.12)
Painful tooth/ sores or irritation in past 30 days
NoR	193	1.00	1.00	1.00	78	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	189	3.77 (2.34–6.08)	3.70 (2.22–6.15)	3.69 (2.23–6.11)	84	2.76 (1.44–5.28)	2.38 (1.17–4.87)	2.58 (1.29–5.14)

OR in bold suggest p-values < 0.05

OR odds ratio; 95% CI 95% confidence interval; R reference group