Figure 10.

Respiration capacity of distal fetal organoids decreases upon in vitro early life antibiotics. (A) Experimental design of seahorse experiments to measure mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in mouse fetal intestinal organoids after 5 days of antibiotic mix treatment. (B) Graphic representation of key parameters measured by OCR. Real-time respiration levels in the supernatant of (C) proximal and (D) distal fetal organoids measured as OCR, and basal respiration, ATP production, and maximal respiration rates calculated using OCR levels determined by seahorse assay. Statistical analysis was performed by the 1-tailed unpaired t test. Error bars indicate means ± SEM (line graphs) or means ± SD (column graphs). Levels of significance are indicated: ∗P < .05. n = 4–5 individual wells, representative of 2–4 independent experiments.