Fig. 1.

Engineering of raspberry-ketone production in Nicotiana tabacum. Phenylpropanoid pathway that leads to the production of anthocyanins and raspberry-ketone. Overexpression of benzalacetone synthase (BAS) and raspberry ketone/zingerone synthase 1 (RZS1; pink lines) induces the production of high amounts of raspberry ketone and its derivatives in transgenic tobacco. Co-expression of the PAP1 transcription factor (green lines) and RNAi-mediated suppression of chalcone synthase (CHSir; orange lines) increase the levels of raspberry ketone. Dashed lines indicate the putative pathways. Abbreviations: PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; F3H, flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase; DFR, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; ANS, anthocyanidin synthase. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)