Table 3.

The effects of antidepressant drugs on BDNF and IGF-1.

Group of Antideoressants	Medication	Study	Duration of the Study (Weeks)	Patient Group (n)	Effect *
		BDNF
SSRI	Sertraline	Wolkowitz et al. [21]	8	n = 10	↑
		Brunoni et al. [19]	6	n = 18	↓
		Umene-Nakano et al. [58]	8	n = 59	↑ (responders only)
		Matrisciano et al. [54]	6 months	n = 7	↑
		Gonul et al. [59]	8	n = 8	↑
	Escitalopram	Wolkowitz et al. [21]	8	n = 15	↑
		Matrisciano et al. [54]	6 months	n = 7	↑
		Aydemir et al. [60]	6	n = 20	↑
		Chiou et al. [39]	4	n = 2	↓
	Paroxetine	Yoshimura et al. [61]	8	n = 21	↑
		Gonul et al. [59]	8	n = 3	↑
		Chiou et al. [39]	4	n = 7	↓
		Hellweg et al. [56]	36 days	n = 20	↓
	Fluoxetine	Başterzi et al. [55]	6	n = 22	↑/↓
		Gupta et al. [40]	12	n = 30	↑
		Gonul et al. [59]	8	n = 5	↑
		Ghosh et al. [62]	12	n = 30	↑
		Chiou et al. [39]	44	n = 21	↓
SNRI	Vortixetine	Troyan et al. [41]	8	n = 30	↑
		Sagud et al. [42]	4	n = 44	↑
	Venlafaxine	Başterzi et al. [55]	6	n = 21	↓
		Matrisciano et al. [54]	6 months	n = 7	↑ (after 6 months of treatment)
		Katsuki et al. [63]	4	n = 48	↑
		Gonul et al. [59]	8	n = 10	↑
		Chiou et al. [39]	4	n = 8	↓
		Deuschle et al. (2012) [64]	28 days	n = 27	↔
	Duloxetine	Mikoteit et al. [65]	6	n = 21	↑
Other	Mirtazapine	Fornaro et al. [66]	12	n = 30	↑ early non-responders, ↔ early responders
		Deuschle et al. (2012) [64]	28 days	n = 29	↑
		Chiou et al. [39]	4	n = 3	↓
	Ketamine	Zheng et al. [43]	26 days	n = 94	↑
	Milnacipran	Yoshimura et al. [61]	8	n = 21	↑
	Amitryptyline	Hellweg et al. [56]	36 days	n = 20	↑
		IGF-1
SSRI	N/A	Kopczak et al. [46]	6	n = 13	↓
	Fluoxetine Citalopram Paroxetine Sertraline Fluvoxamine	Bot et al. [44]	N/A	n = 52 n= 96 n = 195 n = 40 n = 38	↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
SNRI	N/A	Kopczak et al. [46]	6	n = 12	↓
	Vortioxetine	Troyan et al. [41]	8	n = 41	↓
		Levada et al. [45]	8	n = 48	↓
	Venlafaxine	Bot et al. [44]	N/A	n = 95	↓
TCA	Clomipramine Amitriptyline	Bot et al. [44]	N/A	n = 26 n = 21	↓ ↓ (not statistically significant)
	N/A	Kopczak et al. [46]	6	n = 14	↓
Other	Mirtazapine	Kopczak et al. [46]	6	n = 8	↓
		Bot et al. [44]	N/A	n = 33	↓ (not statistically significant)

* ↑ increase, ↓ decrease, $\leftrightarrow$ unchanged.