Table 2.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the unmatched and matched cohorts.
| Unmatched-Population (n = 692) |
PS-Matched-Population (n = 144) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall n = 692 |
iSAVR < 75 Years n = 604 |
TAVR < 75 Years n = 88 |
iSAVR < 75 Years n = 72 |
TAVR < 75 Years n = 72 |
p-Value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, mean (±SD) | 64.1 (9.5) | 63.4 (9.8) | 68.9 (5.2) | 67.6 (7) | 68.7 (5.5) | 0.190 |
| Female, n (%) | 287 (41.5) | 237 (39.2) | 50 (56.8) | 33 (45.8) | 39 (54.2) | 0.418 |
| Body mass index kg/m2, median (IQR) | 28.7 (5.5) | 28.6 (5.4) | 29.2 (6.5) | 29.3 (4.8) | 29.1 (6.7) | 0.854 |
| Risk profile | ||||||
| EuroSCORE II, median (IQR) | 2.7 (3.7) | 1.7 (2.2) | 5.9 (5.3) | 6.4 (4.3) | 4.3 (3.2) | 0.194 |
| Chronic Health Conditions and Risk Factors | ||||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 538 (77.7) | 464 (92.2) | 74 (84.1) | 53 (73.6) | 62 (86.1) | 0.089 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 433 (62.6) | 380 (82.3) | 53 (60.2) | 42 (36.2) | 41 (35.3) | 0.999 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 200 (28.9) | 164 (27.2) | 36 (40.9) | 9 (12.5) | 8 (11.1) | 0.371 |
| Active smoker, n (%) | 126 (18.2) | 106 (17.5) | 20 (22.7) | 9 (12.5) | 18 (25.0) | 0.121 |
| Serum creatinine mg/dL, mean (±SD) | 1.1 (0.6) | 1.0 (0.4) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.4 (0.7) | 1.3 (0.6) | 0.894 |
| Preoperative dialysis, n (%) | 6 (0.9) | 2 (0.3) | 4 (4.5) | 2 (2.8) | 1 (1.4) | 0.999 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 217 (31.4) | 168 (24.3) | 49 (7.1) | 41 (56.9) | 37 (51.4) | 0.608 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 67 (9.7) | 43 (6.2) | 24 (27.3) | 14 (19.4) | 14 (19.4) | 0.999 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 111 (16.0) | 87 (14.4) | 24 (3.5) | 9 (12.5) | 19 (26.4) | 0.031 |
| Previous cerebrovascular accident, n (%) | 17 (2.5) | 7 (1.2) | 10 (11.4) | 4 (5.6) | 9 (12.5) | 0.227 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 119 (17.2) | 101 (16.7) | 18 (20.5) | 14 (19.4) | 13 (18.1) | 0.999 |
| Previous myocardial infarction, n (%) | 54 (7.8) | 37 (6.1) | 17 (19.3) | 10 (13.9) | 13 (18.1) | 0.629 |
| New York Heart Association class III/IV, n (%) | 367 (53.1) | 288 (47.7) | 79 (90) | 51 (70.8) | 63 (87.5) | 0.072 |
| Preprocedural PCI, n (%) | 43 (6.2) | 26 (4.3) | 17 (19.3) | 4 (5.6) | 14 (19.4) | 0.021 |
| Previous pacemaker implantation, n (%) | 32 (4.6) | 17 (2.8) | 15 (17) | 5 (6.9) | 11 (15.3) | 0.210 |
| Previous cardiac surgery, n (%) | 64 (9.2) | 26 (4.3) | 38 (43.2) | 16 (22.2) | 26 (36.1) | 0.064 |
| Previous CABG, n (%) | 34 (4.9) | 11 (1.8) | 23 (26.1) | 9 (12.5) | 17 (23.6) | |
| Previous valve surgery, n (%) | 34 (4.9) | 16 (2.6) | 18 (20.5) | 10 (13.9) | 10 (13.9) | |
| aortic, n (%) | 25 (3.6) | 12 (2.0) | 13 (14.8) | 9 (12.5) | 10 (13.9) | |
| mitral, n (%) | 9 (1.5) | 4 (0.7) | 5 (5.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | |
| tricuspid, n (%) | 3 (0.4) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Previous other cardiac surgery, n (%) | 17 (2.5) | 2 (0.3) | 15 (17) | 0 (0) | 10 (13.9) | |
| Preoperative Echocardiographic Data | ||||||
| Mean pressure gradient, mean (±SD) | 48 (17.3) | 48.6 (17.6) | 46.3 (18.3) | 48.3 (17.9) | 46.7 (18.6) | 0.266 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction %, mean (±IQR) 1 | 52.7 (9.9) | 53.4 (9.2) | 46.5 (11.9) | 51.7 (12.8) | 47.7 (11.3) | 0.061 |
1 McNemar (for binary variables) and Wilcoxon signed-rank test or paired samples t-test (for continuous variables); PS—propensity score; CABG—coronary artery bypass graft; EuroSCORE—European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; IQR—interquartile range; PCI—percutaneous coronary intervention; PS—propensity score SD—standard deviation.