Table 3.

Summary of the studies included according to the cannabinoids and dry mouth.

Cannabinoids and Dry Mouth
Authors	Drug	Study Design	Experimental Model	Administration Protocol	Results	Test	Control	Subjects/Specimens	Study Time
Darling et al. [129]	smoke	Cross-sectional study	oral tissues health and oral dryness was measured.	-	nicotinic stomatitiswas reported in four cannabis consumers not tobacco users, Leukoedema and dry mouth was more evident in cannabis users	cannabis/tobacco/methaqualone smokers	Control 1:152 tobacco; Control 2:189 non-smokers	300 subjects	-
Pirino et al. [88]	Dietary supplements	In vivo on pigs	Pigs Mandibular glands cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptors type 2 (CB2) expression	Dietary supplements administration	endocannabinoids may influence the functional activity of the mandibular gland modifying qualitative and/ or quantitative activity and CB1 CB2 receptors expression of salivary duct and secretion.	finely ground pellet (FP), coarsely ground meal (CM), coarsely ground pellet (CP) and coarsely ground extruded (CE)	-	32 samples	4 weeks
Prestifilippo et al. [89]	Right femoral vein administration	In vitro study/In vivo on rats	Salivary glands histological evaluation/Ducts cell gene expression	In vivo Salivary Secretion evaluation. In vitro: genes expressions	AEA decreases saliva secretion in the SMG-acting through CB1 and CB2 receptors.	anandamide (AEA), forskolin (FRSK), NE-HCl, Chloralose and methacholine (MC)	No treatment	40 samples	3 min, 10 min
Prestifilippo et al. [92]	Systemic administration/Intraduct salivary gland administration	In vitro study/In vivo on rats	Salivary glands histological evaluation/Ducts cell gene expression in the presence of inflammogens (LPS)	In vivo Salivary Secretion evaluation. In vitro: genes expressions	endocannabinoids mediate the hyposialia induced by inflammogens in the SMG and in the brain.	LPS and/or the cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM251 administration	cannabinoidreceptor antagonist AM251 administration