Table 6.
Summary of the studies included according to the cannabinoids and oral and neck cancer.
| Cannabinoids and Oral and Neck Cancer | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Drug | Study Design | Experimental Model | Administration Protocol | Results | Test | Control | Subjects/Specimens | Study Time |
| Firth et al. | Marijuana consumption | Literature review | Case report literature overview | Smoking aptitude | The marijuana mechanisms related to the carcinogen are not clearly clarified and probably related to, aromatic hydrocarbons, benzo[a]pyrene and nitrosamines in smoked cannabis |
Cannabis consumption/two cases in combination with heavy tobacco use | 8 subjects | - | |
| Donald et al. | Marijuana consumption | Case series | Clinical reports | Smoking aptitude | The active euphoria-producing agent, 1-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, has been implicated In altered DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis and consequent chromosomal aberrations |
Cannabis consumption/one cases in combination with heavy tobacco use | - | 6 patients | - |
| Rosenblatt et al. | Marijuana consumption | case–control study | Young adult population | Smoking aptitude on a large population sample | A similar proportion of case subjects (25.6%) and control subjects (24.4%) reported ever the use of marijuana |
Cannabis consumption | No tobacco use and no cannabis consumption | 1022 subjects | - |
| Marks et al. | Marijuana consumption | Epidemiological study | INHANCE consortium USA and Latino-America database | Smoking aptitude on a large population sample | The associations of marijuana use with oropharyngeal and oral tongue cancer are consistent with both possible pro- and anticarcinogenic effects of cannabinoids |
marijuana smokers | Nonsmokers | 9916 subjects | |
| Hashibe et al. | Marijuana consumption | Cohort study | high school students and young adults population | Smoking aptitude | marijuana use was not associated with increased risk of all cancers or smoking-related cancers. |
marijuana smokers | Nonsmokers | 64,855 subjects | 8 years |
| Llewellyna et al. | Marijuana consumption | Cohort study | Young adults <45 years old | Smoking aptitude | the major risk factor for oral cancer was consumption of alcohol or both. No evidence about marijuana consumption or tobacco |
Multifactorial carcinogenic and diet quality analysis | - | 116 subjects | 7 years |
| Llewellyna et al. | Marijuana consumption | Case control study | Identification of the majorrisk factors for oral cancer in young adults | - | fresh fruits and vegetables in the diet appeared to be protective for both males and females. No evidence about marijuana consumption. | Multifactorial carcinogenic and diet quality analysis | - | 7 years | |
| Osazuwa-Peters et al. | Literature review | Identification of the co-relationship between cannabis consumption and oral cancer | Smoking aptitude | Insufficient evidence about the association between head and neck cancer and marijuana use |
marijuana smokers | Nonsmokers | - | - | |
| Guzman et al. | cannabinoids Supplements | Literature review | The cannabinoid derivate as an anticancer agent | - | Cannabinoids exert palliative effects in patients with cancer and inhibit tumor growth in laboratory animals. |
Cannabinoids in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs or radiotherapy |
- | - | - |
| Nabissi et al. | cannabinoids Supplements | In vitro study | multiplemyeloma cells | Cannabinoids/carfilzomib administration | The Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)/cannabidiol (CBD) combination showed strong anti-myeloma activities. | Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)/Cannabidiol (CBD) | - | 72 h | |
| Salazar et al. | cannabinoids Supplements | In vitro study | human glioma cells | Cannabinoids administration | THC can promote the autophagic death of human and mouse cancer cells | Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) | - | - | 10 days |
| Grimaldi et al. | cannabinoids Supplements | In vitro study | breast cancer cells | Cannabinoids administration | The cannabinoids showed a slowed down growth of breast carcinoma and inhibited its metastatic diffusion | Anandamide (AEA) | Control no treatment | - | 21 days |
| Preet et al. | cannabinoids Supplements | In vitro study | lung cancer cell/in vivo on mice | Cannabinoids administration | therapeutic use of THC for the treatment of aggressive and chemotherapy-resistant variants of lung cancers. |
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) | 6 samples | 21 days | |