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. 2021 Jul 28;22(15):8101. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158101

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of the in vivo experiments was demonstrated. (A) A clinical photograph of the surgery and implantation of bone grafting materials for bone regeneration. Four circular bone defects measuring 6 mm in diameter were created using a trephine drill in surgical areas. (B) The bone defects were randomly allocated to eight experimental groups: empty control, MBCP, MBCP+DPSCs, MBCP+BMSCs, Bio-Oss, Bio-Oss+DPSCs, Bio-Oss+BMSCs, and autogenous bone. (C) Micro-CT and histological analysis.