Term	Explanation
Central sensitization	A neurophysiological mechanism, defined as ‘amplification of neural signalling within the central nervous system that elicits pain hypersensitivity [7],’ potentially explains chronic, nonspecific pain.
Central nervous system sensitization	Refers to ‘central sensitization.’
Chronic pain	Pain of at least 3 months duration.
Endogenous analgesia	The body’s ability to activate pain relief, with poor endogenous analgesia considered a feature of central sensitization [17].
Neuropathic pain	Pain due to a lesion or a disease of the nervous system.
Nociceptive pain	Pain due to damage to non-neural tissue (e.g., musculoskeletal or visceral tissue).
Nociplastic pain	Pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage causing the activation of peripheral nociceptors or evidence for disease or lesion of the somatosensory system causing the pain [43].
Nonspecific pain	Pain that cannot be explained by tissue damage, pathology or local dysfunctions.