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. 2021 Jul 28;22(15):8070. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158070

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effect of BB1 on MAP activation in filter-grown Caco-2 monolayers. (A) BB1 caused a time-dependent increase in phosphorylated p38 kinase but not ERK1/2 or JNK phosphorylation. (B) BB1 caused an increase in p38 kinase activity as determined by ELISA-based in vitro kinase activity. Pre-treatment with p38 kinase inhibitor SB-203580 (10 μM) 1 h prior to BB1 treatment (1 day) prevented the BB1–induced increase in p38 kinase activity. **** p < 0.0001 vs. control, #### p < 0.0001 vs. BB1. (C) SB-203580 prevented the BB1–induced increase in Caco-2 TER. **** p < 0.0001 vs. control, ## p < 0.01 vs BB1; and (D) decrease in dextran 10 kDa flux (1-day experimental period). *** p < 0.001 vs. control, #### p < 0.001 vs. BB1. (E) Pre-treatment with ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD 98059 (100 μM) or JNK inhibitor SP600125 (10 μM) did not prevent the BB1-induced increase in Caco-2 TER. **** p < 0.0001 vs. control. (F) TLR-2 siRNA transfection prevented the BB1-induced p38 kinase phosphorylation in Caco-2 monolayers.