Figure 1.

—Steps of Autophagy: Autophagy (macro autophagy) means “self” (“auto”) and “eating” (“phagy”). Autophagy removes dysfunctional and unnecessary cellular components through various steps such as Omegasomes and the initiation of isolation membrane; the elongation of the isolation membrane and formation of autophagosomes; and autophagosome-lysosome fusion and degradation.