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. 2021 Jul 30;22(15):8180. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158180

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Damaged-Induced Mitophagy involves two major proteins: [1] ubiquitin kinase PINK1 (which flags the damaged mitochondria); and [2] parkin, E₃ ligase (as a signal amplifier).