Table 2.

Viruses and their effects on mitochondrial dynamics.

S.No.	Author & Year	Virus	Work & Object
1	Horner and Gale, 2013 [98]	Hepatitis C virus (HCV)	HCV cleaves the MAVS protein and suppresses the host’s antiviral response.
2	Datan et al., 2016 [99], Liang et al., 2016 [100]	Dengue and Zika virus	With the help of autophagy, the Dengue and Zika viruses improve their replication and the induction of autophagy by pharmacological agents (e.g., rapamycin) increasing viral dissemination.
3	Joubert et al., 2012 [101]	Chikungunya virus	Autophagy limits virus-induced cell death and in vivo mortality in Chikungunya virus.
4	Datan et al., 2016 [99]; Lee et al., 2008 [102]; McLean et al., 2011 [103]	Dengue virus	Autophagy inhibits apoptosis to enhance virus replication in the Dengue virus.
5	Zhu et al., 2016 [104]	Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)	TGEV-induced complete mitophagy by stimulating DJ1-1 protein deglycase which increases cell survival and infection by eliminating virus-induced ROS.
6	Meng et al., 2014 [105]	Newcastle disease virus (NDV)	Delayed administration of 3 methyl adenine (3-MA) induced more efficient oncolysis in NSCLCs.
7	Barbier et al., 2017 [106]	Dengue virus	In the Dengue virus, mitochondrial fission is blocked because the Dengue virus’ NS4B or NS3 protein promotes mitochondrial fusion by downregulating Drp1.
8	Yu et al., 2015 [107]	Dengue virus	In the case of the Dengue virus, mitochondrial fusion is suppressed by NS2B3 protease which cleaves MFNs.
9	Zamarin et al., 2005 [108]	Influenza A virus	PB1-F2 have an essential role in the pathogenicity of the viral infection of influenza virus A, via modulation of the host’s mitochondrial dynamics.
10	Kim et al., 2013b [109]	Hepatitis C virus (HCV)	HCV stimulates the expression of parkin, PINK1 and induced mitophagy by impairing oxidative phosphorylation. The resulting HCV infection affects mitochondrial dynamics.
11	Gou et al., 2017 [110]	Classical swine fever virus (CSFV)	CSFV expresses MFN2 and stimulates parkin and PINK1 expression, resulting in enhanced mitochondrial fission and mitophagy.
12	Ding et al., 2017 [111]	Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3)	In HPIV3 infection, a viral protein regulates mitophagy independently of parkin/PINK1.
13	Xia et al., 2014b [112]	Measles virus	During the measles viral infection, virus-induced antiviral immune response is enhanced by the knockdown of autophagy-related genes (eg, ATG7, BECN1, SQSTM1, and RAB7).