Table 3.
Change of shoulder strength (pre-surgery to 4 weeks post-surgery).
| Baseline | POD 1 | POD 10 | POD 17 | POD 24 | P # | P baseline vs. POD1 | P POD1 vs. POD10 | P POD10 vs. POD17 | P POD17 vs. POD24 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shoulder strength | ||||||||||
| Flexion | ||||||||||
| Affected side (n = 31) | 16.0 ± 0.9 | 7.9 ± 0.8 **+ | 7.8 ± 0.7 **+ | 8.8 ± 0.7 **+ | 8.9 ± 0.6 **+ | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.890 | 0.017 | 0.850 |
| Unaffected side (n = 31) | 15.5 ± 0.8 | 12.7 ± 0.9 ** | 11.8 ± 0.8 ** | 11.7 ± 0.6 ** | 11.0 ± 0.5 ** | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.173 | 0.866 | 0.071 |
| Abduction | ||||||||||
| Affected side (n = 31) | 15.5 ± 1.0 | 7.0 ± 0.6 **+ | 7.0 ± 0.6 **+ | 7.8 ± 0.7 **+ | 7.6 ± 0.5 **+ | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.992 | 0.009 | 0.422 |
| Unaffected side (n = 31) | 15.0 ± 0.9 | 12.1 ± 0.9 ** | 11.2 ± 0.7 ** | 11.1 ± 0.6 ** | 11.0 ± 0.6 ** | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.181 | 0.823 | 0.607 |
| Extension | ||||||||||
| Affected side (n = 31) | 22.3 ± 1.0 | 12.3 ± 1.0 **+ | 15.1 ± 1.0 ** | 15.5 ± 0.8 **+ | 16.1 ± 0.7 **+ | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.426 | 0.521 |
| Unaffected side (n = 31) | 22.7 ± 1.2 | 17.6 ± 1.1 ** | 17.4 ± 1.0 ** | 19.0 ± 0.9 ** | 18.0 ± 0.8 ** | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.783 | 0.047 | 0.147 |
| Horizontal adduction | ||||||||||
| Affected side (n = 31) | 19.6 ± 1.0 | 11.5 ± 1.1 **+ | 11.3 ± 1.0 **+ | 12.3 ± 0.9 **+ | 12.9 ± 1.0 **+ | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.754 | 0.073 | 0.355 |
| Unaffected side (n = 31) | 19.5 ± 1.1 | 16.4 ± 1.0 ** | 16.7 ± 1.2 * | 16.7 ± 0.9 * | 15.3 ± 0.8 ** | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.649 | 0.979 | 0.006 |
| Horizontal abduction | ||||||||||
| Affected side (n = 30) | 19.3 ± 1.2 | 12.2 ± 1.1 **+ | 11.5 ± 1.0 **+ | 12.7 ± 0.8 **+ | 12.0 ± 0.8 **+ | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.312 | 0.066 | 0.263 |
| Unaffected side (n = 31) | 19.2 ± 1.0 | 17.4 ± 1.1 | 15.9 ± 1.2 * | 15.6 ± 0.8 ** | 14.9 ± 0.6 ** | <0.001 | 0.020 | 0.025 | 0.771 | 0.095 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard error (SE). Postoperative Date; POD, P # represent overall differences according to time as determined using the repeated measures of ANOVA, * p < 0.01 vs. Baseline, ** p < 0.001 vs. Baseline, + p <0.01 between the affected and unaffected side (POD1 to POD 24 adjusted for Baseline value).