Table 1.

Microbial richness in preterm birth.

Specimen *	Bacterial Strains	References
Oral	Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens	[61]
Blood	Klebsiella pneumonia	[65]
	Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Sphingomonas, Fastidiosipila, Weissella, and Butyricicoccus	[35]
Vaginal fluid	Bacteroides, Sphingomonas, Delftia, Lactobacillus crispatus, and Escherichia-Shigella	[30]
	Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Gardnerella	[66]
Urine	Ureaplasma spp. Family Veillonellaceae (including Megasphaera spp.)	[59]
Amniotic fluid	Sneathia sanguinegens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Leptotrichia amnionii	[60,67]
Maternal feces	Lactobacillales, Clostridium cluster XVII, Clostridium subcluster XIVa	[58]

* Analyzed in women who gave PTB (1, 2, or 3 trimesters), observed significant differences with term birth.