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. 2021 Jul 29;22(15):8145. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158145

Table 2.

Metabolites generate by microbiota.

Microbiota Metabolites Chemical Formula Class References
Lactobacillus pentosus Formate CH2O2 SCFA [85]
Prevotella spp., Streptococcus spp. Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Ruminococcus spp. Blautia hydrogentrophica, Bifidobacterium longum SP 07/3, Bifidobacterium bifidum MF 20/5), Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014, Akkermansia muciniphilia Acetate CH3COOH SCFA [86,87,88,89]
Ruminococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Veillonella spp., Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp. Dalister succinatiphilus, Eubacterium halli, Megasphaera elsdenii, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Roseburia inulinivorans, Akkermansia muciniphilia, Coprococcus catus, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), Lactobacillus gasseri PA 16/8, Bifidobacterium longum SP 07/3, Bifidobacterium bifidum MF 20/5), Lactobacillus salivarius spp. salcinius JCM 1230, Lactobacillus agilis JCM 1048, Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014 Propionate CH3CH2COOH SCFA [87,88,90,91]
Anaerostipes spp., Clostridium spp., Ruminococcus spp. Coprococcus catus, Roseburia inulinivorans, Roseburia intestinalis, Coprococcus comes, Coprococcus eutactus, Clostridium symbiosum, Eubacterium rectale, Eubacterium hallii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lactobacillus salivarius spp. salcinius JCM 1230, Lactobacillus agilis JCM 1048, Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014 Butyrate CH3(CH2)2COOH SCFA [90,92,93,94]
Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. Bifidobacterium longum SP 07/3, Bifidobacterium bifidum MF 20/5, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), Lactobacillus gasseri PA 16/8, Lactobacillus salivarius spp. salcinius JCM 1230, Lactobacillus agilis JCM 1048, Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014 Lactate CH3CH(OH)CO2H SCFA [88,95,96]
Prevotella copri, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens Succinate (CH2)2(CO2H)2 SCFA [97,98]
Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosococcus oceani Methanol CH3OH Alcohol [80,81]
Lactobacillus fermentum, Weissella confuse, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis, Ethanol CH3CH2OH Alcohol [99]
Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, Escherichia coli Isopropanol CH3CHOHCH3 Alcohol [100,101]
Corynebacterium glutamicum Glycolate C2H3O3 Alcohol [102]
Clostridium sp. strain G10 Acetone CH3COCH3 Alcohol [103]
Corynebacterium glutamicum Ethylene glycol (CH2OH)2 Alcohol [102]
Anaerococcus hydrogenalis, Clostridium asparagiforme, Clostridium hathewayi, Clostridium sporogenes, Edwardsiella tarda, Escherichia fergusonii, Proteus penneri and Providencia rettgeri TMAO (CH3)3NO Protein [104]
Helicobacter pylori, and Salmonella enterica LPS C175H317N5O101P6 Lipid [105]
Lactobacillus iners Inerolysin INY Lipid [84]
Bifidobacterium Folate C19H19N7O6 Vitamin [106]

Note: SCFA = Short chain fatty acid, TMAO = Trimethylamine N-oxide, LPS = Lipopolysaccharide.