Figure 5.

(A–D) Effect of the freeze-dried extract (FDE) on the phosphorylation levels of ph-p65, ph-p38, and ph-JNK in LPS-treated BV2 cells pretreated with FDE 2–10 µg/mL for 2 h, followed by 24 h of exposure to LPS (1 µg/mL). The cells were lysed with a radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer, and the phosphorylation levels were measured by performing an immunoblot analysis. (E,F) Western blot analysis on ph-p65 and the protein expression in BV2 cells when pretreated with FDE prior to LPS exposure. β-actin was used as the housekeeping protein.