Table 5.
QCh-based nanoparticles and their biomedical applications.
| Objective | Components | Research Highlights | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ketoconazole was entrapped in QCh NPs for superior antifungal activity | Ketoconazole, QCh, sodium triphosphate | Nanoscaled KCZ-QCSNPs displayed superb entrapment efficiency (~90%). Performed tube dilution method revealed preeminent antimicrobial activity. | [134] |
| QCh derivative ‘HTCC’ NPs were embedded in various fabric materials to evaluate antimicrobial efficacy. | HTCC, cotton fabric, polyester, polyacrylic acid | The developed HTCC nanoparticles embedded in cotton fabric exhibited superior antimicrobial action against Fusarium oxysporum and Bacillus subtilis compared to polyester and mixture of cotton. | [135] |
| Anthrax vaccine adjuvant containing Fucoidan-HTCC nanoparticles were developed to improve rapid induction of immunity | Sulphated polysaccharide (Fucoidan, FUC) and HTCC | An active complexation between opposite-charged FUC and HTCC was conducted through varying their mass ratio. MTT assay on L929 or JAWS dendritic cells evaluated low cytotoxicity, improved cellular internalization and high cell viability. Combination of FUC-HTCCNPs and anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) significantly improved magnitude of cellular/humoral immunity and mice survival rate compared to administration of AVA alone. | [136] |
| Nanoparticles containing N-2-HTCC and N,O-CMC encapsulated vaccine antigens (IBV/H120) were developed for significant increments in lymphocytes, interleukins, and interferon in chicken | N-2-HTCC, N,O-carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)/H120 and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) | The developed nanoparticles, i.e., N-2-HTCC-CMC/NDV/IBV, predicted great stability and low cytotoxicity on storing at 37 °C for 3 weeks. In vivo assay on chicken revealed sustained release of both NDV and IBV with enhanced release of IgG and IgA that facilitated the proliferation of immune modifiers in chicken body. The developed QCh-based NPs showed the potential to combat respiratory diseases in chicken. | [137] |
| Ecofriendly QCh derivative HTCC nanoparticles were designed to increase the durability and microbial resistance of Antheraea pernyi silk fabric. | HTCC and 1,2,3,4 butane tetracarboxylic acid, sodium hypophosphite | The conventional dip-and-dry-cure method was applied to evaluate silk fabric durability (A. pernyi). Wrinkle resistance, microbial resistance (against S. aureus and E. coli) and shrinkage resistance were observed even after washing A. pernyi silk fabric more than 50 times. | [138] |
| 5-flurouracil (5-FU) embedded HTCC NPs developed for improved entrapment efficiency and in vitro release | 5-FU, HTCC, sodium tripoly-phosphate (TPP) | 5-FU/HTCC NPs were prepared through ionic gelation method via electrostatic interaction between positive-charged HTCC and negative-charged TPP. Encapsulated 5-FU exhibited controlled release profile in pH 7.4 buffer. | [139] |