Table 3.
Outcome changes from baseline within control and intervention groups.
| Variable | Assessment | Control Group (n = 69) | Intervention Group (n = 70) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin injection technique | Pre | 12.75 ± 2.70 | 12.24 ± 1.46 |
| (score, mean ± SD) | Post | 15.11 ± 3.65 | 16.53 ± 0.94 |
| p value (within group) | <0.001# | <0.001# | |
| Medication adherence | Pre | 25.14 ± 1.93 | 24.66 ± 2.05 |
| (score, mean ± SD) | Post | 26.04 ± 1.40 | 26.97 ± 0.94 |
| p value (within group) | <0.001# | <0.001# | |
| Patient's perceptions (ITAS) | Pre | 51.40 ± 10.12 | 51.29 ± 8.86 |
| (score, mean ± SD) | Post | 51.19 ± 9.98 | 49.85 ± 11.22 |
| p value (within group) | 0.806# | 0.021# | |
| Presence of lipohypertrophy (LH) | Pre | 17 (21.3) | 24 (30.0) |
| n (%) | Post | 10 (13.9) | 14 (18.9) |
| p value (within group) | 0.07* | 0.02* | |
| HbA1c | Pre | 10.35 ± 1.70 | 10.32 ± 1.46 |
| (%, mean ± SD) | Post | 9.56 ± 1.94 | 9.13 ± 1.56 |
| p value (within group) | 0.001# | <0.001# | |
#
Paired-t test * Chi-square