Table 1.
Characteristics of individuals in cluster A, cluster B, and cluster C personality disorder groups.
| Characteristics | Cluster A N = 919 |
Cluster B N = 5588 |
Cluster C N = 3338 |
F | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 212.68 | <0.0001 | |||
| Male | 573 (62.35) | 1726 (30.89) | 1484 (44.46) | ||
| Female | 346 (37.65) | 3862 (69.11) | 1854 (55.54) | ||
| Age at diagnosis, years | 38.49 ± 20.74 | 27.71 ± 9.76 | 43.17 ± 16.00 | 1437.36 | <0.0001 |
| Psychiatric comorbidities | |||||
| Neurodevelopmental disorders | 110 (11.97) | 338 (6.05) | 134 (4.01) | 41.55 | <0.0001 |
| Schizophrenia | 359 (39.06) | 575 (10.29) | 465 (6.08) | 427.83 | <0.0001 |
| Neurocognitive disorders | 104 (11.32) | 31 (0.55) | 100 (3.00) | 208.58 | <0.0001 |
| Bipolar disorders | 96 (10.45) | 1235 (22.10) | 333 (9.98) | 127.59 | <0.0001 |
| Trauma and stressor disorders | 128 (13.93) | 1216 (21.76) | 545 (16.33) | 29.10 | <0.0001 |
| Feeding and eating disorders | 11 (1.20) | 325 (5.82) | 49 (1.47) | 63.29 | <0.0001 |
| Substance and addictive disorders | 57 (6.20) | 1238 (22.15) | 206 (6.17) | 250.73 | <0.0001 |
| Depressive disorders | 433 (47.12) | 3260 (58.34) | 2184 (65.43) | 55.76 | <0.0001 |
| Anxiety disorders | 486 (52.88) | 2860 (51.18) | 2497 (74.81) | 263.84 | <0.0001 |
| Obsessive–compulsive disorders | 119 (12.95) | 347 (6.21) | 580 (17.38) | 144.13 | <0.0001 |
| Somatic symptom disorders | 50 (5.44) | 230 (4.12) | 305 (9.14) | 47.81 | <0.0001 |
| Sleep–wake disorders | 486 (52.88) | 3572 (63.92) | 2411 (72.23) | 69.95 | <0.0001 |
| Dissociative disorders | 9 (0.98) | 57 (1.02) | 13 (0.39) | 5.42 | 0.0044 |
| Elimination disorders | 33 (3.59) | 61 (1.09) | 108 (3.24) | 30.04 | <0.0001 |
| Sexual dysfunctions | 12 (1.31) | 29 (0.52) | 63 (1.89) | 19.09 | <0.0001 |
| Gender dysphoria | 3 (0.33) | 16 (0.29) | 6 (0.18) | 0.57 | 0.5635 |
| Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders | 10 (1.09) | 59 (1.06) | 14 (0.42) | 5.43 | 0.0044 |
| Paraphilic disorders | 4 (0.44) | 8 (0.14) | 9 (0.27) | 1.96 | 0.1412 |
Data are expressed as N (%) or the mean ± standard deviation. Bold type indicates statistical significance (p < 0.001), the exact value of Bonferroni correction is 0.0024 (0.05/21). Bottom line indicates that the proportion of all control groups is less than 5%, and its statistical power may be weak.