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. 2021 Jul 30;26(15):4624. doi: 10.3390/molecules26154624

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© 2021 by the author.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The calculated results for an air bubble as a function of ambient bubble radius at 20 kHz and 6 bar in ultrasonic frequency and acoustic amplitude, respectively [43]. The horizontal axis is in logarithmic scale. (a) The peak temperature (solid) and the molar fraction of water vapor (dash dotted) inside a bubble at the end of the bubble collapse. (b) The expansion ratio (R_max/R₀). (c) The intensity of each emission process in SL. The vertical axis is in logarithmic scale. Copyright 2008, with the permission of AIP Publishing.

The calculated results for an air bubble as a function of ambient bubble radius at 20 kHz and 6 bar in ultrasonic frequency and acoustic amplitude, respectively [43]. The horizontal axis is in logarithmic scale. (a) The peak temperature (solid) and the molar fraction of water vapor (dash dotted) inside a bubble at the end of the bubble collapse. (b) The expansion ratio (R_max/R₀). (c) The intensity of each emission process in SL. The vertical axis is in logarithmic scale. Copyright 2008, with the permission of AIP Publishing.