Figure 2.

DNA repair pathways and cisplatin resistance. The dark blue border represents the cell membrane, with the light blue interior being the cytosol and the white oval being the nucleus. The grey rectangles represent the mechanisms of DNA damage repair (DDR). The DDR pathways act on damaged DNA to repair the molecule and restore genome integrity. DNA with an intrastrand crosslink is represented in the nucleus by the DNA molecule with a red bar linking two adjacent bases. The repaired DNA lacks the red bar representing the intrastrand crosslink. Each orange oval represents a protein involved in DDR that has been implicated in cisplatin resistance. Arrows point from groups of these DDR proteins to their associated DDR pathway. Enhanced DDR activity in cancer allows for restoration of cisplatin-induced DNA damage and resistance to treatment.