Table 3.
Outcomes and side effects of topical nitroglycerine in extremely preterm, very preterm, late preterm and term infants.
| First author (year) | Weight (g) | GA (weeks) | Resolution | Side effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extremely preterm infants | ||||
| (Wong et al., 1992) | 780 | 24 | Partial | ↓BP ↓HR |
| 700 | 25 | Complete | None | |
| 670 | 26 | Complete | ↓BP ↑HR | |
| (Baserga et al., 2002) | 660 | 23 | Complete | ↓BP |
| ND | 25 | Complete | None | |
| (Vasquez et al., 2003) | 896 | 26 | Complete | None |
| (Kamar et al., 2013) | 500 | 25 | Partial | None |
| (Mosalli et al., 2013) | 520 | 25 | Complete | None |
| (Samiee-Zafarghandy et al., 2014) | ND | 26 | Partial | None |
| (Vivar del Hoyo et al., 2016) | ND | 24 | Complete | None |
| (Yong et al., 2016) | ND | <28 (n = 4) | ¶ND | ND |
| (Han et al., 2017) | 760 | 24 | Partial | None |
| (Mintoft et al., 2018) | 650 | 24 | Complete | ↑ MetHb |
| 617 | 24 | Partial | ↑ MetHb | |
| (Weerasekera et al., 2019) | 880 | 26 | Complete | None |
| (Mosalli, 2021) | 775 | 25 | Complete | None |
| (Lavie-Nevo et al., 2020) 560 26 Dry gangrene ND (Kim et al., 2020) < 1000 (n = 22) ≤ 29 (n = 30) ‡Complete (n = 34) ↓BP (n = 4) Very preterm infants | ||||
| (Wong et al., 1992) | 1565 | 31 | Complete | None |
| (Baserga et al., 2002) | 1620 | 30 | Complete | None |
| (Maffei et al., 2006) | 895 | 29 | Complete | None |
| (Ancora et al., 2006) | 880 | 28 | Partial | None |
| (Akingbola et al., 2012) | 3600 | 31 | Partial | None |
| (Dilli et al., 2015) | 1000 | 28 | Complete | Grade 3 ICH |
| (Yong et al., 2016) | ND | 28–31 | ¶ND | ND |
| (Kim et al., 2020) 1000–1800 (n = 13) 30–32 (n = 6) ND ND Late preterm and term infants | ||||
| (O’Reilly et al., 1988) | ND | ND | Complete | None |
| (Denkler and Cohen, 1989) | 1814 | 34 | Complete | None |
| (Varughese, 2001) | 1870 | 33 | Complete | ↓BP |
| (Maffei et al., 2006) | 2250 | 32 | Complete | None |
| (Mousavi et al., 2010) | 1650 | 32 | Death | None |
| (Teo and Shah, 2015) | 970 | 32 | Complete | None |
| (Parra et al., 2016) | ND | 32 | Complete | None |
| (Vivar del Hoyo et al., 2016) | ND | 35 | Complete | None |
| ND | ND§ | Complete | None | |
| ND | ND§ | Complete | None | |
| (Isık et al., 2017) | 2190 | 34 | Reduced arm movement + muscle atrophy | None |
| (Zarkesh, 2020) | 2775 | 37 | Complete | |
§: Term infant but exact gestation unknown; ‡ Outcomes and side effects pertain to the total of 36 extremely preterm and very preterm infants combined in the study; ¶Among the 5 infants reported in this series, 1 had complete recovery and 4 had no response but the reports relative to gestational age were not described.
B.P; Blood pressure, ICH; Intracranial hemorrhage, HR; Heart rate, MetHb: Methemoglobinemia, ND; Not documented.