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. 2021 Aug 2;22(15):8312. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158312

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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EVs of mitochondrial origin reflect mitochondrial dysfunction in DS and FXS. (A) Mitovesicles are a novel population of extracellular vesicles of mitochondrial origin altered in DS. Comparative analysis of EVs obtained from individuals with DS and Ts2 mouse model of DS showed higher numbers of mitovesicles with altered composition in the cerebral parenchyma, in both DS murine and human post-mortem brains [84]. (B) Depletion of mitochondrial components from extracellular vesicles secreted from astrocytes in a mouse model of FXS. Mitochondrial components contained in EVs derived from both cerebral cortices and astrocytes of Fmr1 KO mice were found reduced [85].