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. 2021 Jul 31;22(15):8255. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158255

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Receptor stimulation of B₁ and B₂ receptors. Kallidin (KD) and Bradykinin (BK) act principally on B₂ receptors, while Des-Arg⁹-Kallidin and Des-Arg⁹-Bradykinin act on B₁ receptors. As shown in the figure, the B₁ receptor is induced by inflammation. ACE2 plays a role in the degradation of Des-Arg⁹-Kallidin and Des-Arg⁹-Bradykinin (created with BioRender.com).