Table 5.

Multi-class classification of LF from Ga dataset for CO (Class 0), PD Stage 2 (Class 2), PD Stage 2.5 (Class 2.5), and PD Stage 3 (Class 3) using several CNN classifiers (AlexNet, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and GoogLeNet) with 10-fold cross-validation.

Time Window	Frequency Range	Disease Severity (Class)	AlexNet				ResNet-50				ResNet-101				GoogLeNet
			Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC
10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	98.21	98.11	98.14	0.9816	97.54	99.44	98.81	0.9849	97.54	99.56	98.89	0.9855	97.54	97.89	97.77	0.9771
		Class 2	93.29	97.78	96.14	0.9554	95.53	97.66	96.88	0.9659	97.15	96.49	96.73	0.9682	93.09	97.89	96.14	0.9549
		Class 2.5	82.50	96.12	93.69	0.8931	91.25	95.93	95.10	0.9359	88.75	97.29	95.77	0.9302	94.17	94.67	94.58	0.9442
		Class 3	83.93	97.37	95.69	0.9065	83.33	98.98	97.03	0.9116	88.10	99.32	97.92	0.9371	73.81	99.41	96.21	0.8661
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	97.76	98.56	98.29	0.9816	95.30	98.89	97.70	0.9710	94.63	98.44	97.18	0.9654	97.09	97.78	97.55	0.9743
		Class 2	95.93 *	98.25 *	97.40 *	0.9709 *	96.54	96.26	96.36	0.9640	96.34	94.74	95.32	0.9554	93.09	97.66	95.99	0.9538
		Class 2.5	93.75 *	98.83 *	97.92 *	0.9629 *	91.67	98.55	97.33	0.9511	87.50	98.01	96.14	0.9276	90.42	97.65	96.36	0.9403
		Class 3	96.43	99.15	98.81	0.9779	94.64	99.24	98.66	0.9694	89.29	99.24	98	0.9426	92.86	98.64	97.92	0.9575
15 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	97.98	98.33	98.22	0.9816	93.94	98.50	96.99	0.9622	95.29	99.33	97.99	0.9731	97.98 *	99.17 *	98.77 *	0.9857 *
		Class 2	94.21	96.66	95.76	0.9543	93.90	95.08	94.65	0.9449	97.26	95.43	96.10	0.9634	96.04	96.84	96.54	0.9644
		Class 2.5	85	97.29	95.09	0.9114	88.75	96.74	95.32	0.9275	90	98.51	96.99	0.9425	88.75	97.69	96.10	0.9322
		Class 3	90.18	98.60	97.55	0.9439	88.39	98.98	97.66	0.9369	95.54	99.62	99.11	0.9758	91.96	99.24	98.33	0.9560
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	96.30	98.33	97.66	0.9731	93.94	98.50	96.99	0.9622	95.96	96.33	96.21	0.9615	95.96	98	97.32	0.9698
		Class 2	93.29	97.54	95.99	0.9542	93.90	95.08	94.65	0.9449	91.77	95.78	94.31	0.9378	94.51	95.78	95.32	0.9515
		Class 2.5	88.13	97.56	95.88	0.9284	88.75	96.74	95.32	0.9275	89.38	96.47	95.21	0.9292	84.38	96.74	94.54	0.9056
		Class 3	94.64	97.96	97.55	0.9630	88.39	98.98	97.66	0.9369	81.25	99.36	97.10	0.9031	84.82	98.47	96.77	0.9165
30 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	95.24	98.33	97.32	0.9679	95.92	98.33	97.54	0.9713	91.84	99.67	97.09	0.9575	94.56	96.33	95.75	0.9545
		Class 2	93.90	97.17	95.97	0.9554	92.68	95.41	94.41	0.9404	95.73	91.87	93.29	0.9380	90.85	94.70	93.29	0.9278
		Class 2.5	95	97.55	97.09	0.9627	90	95.64	94.63	0.9282	85	94.82	93.06	0.8991	85	97.82	95.53	0.9141
		Class 3	94.64	99.49	98.88	0.9707	83.93	99.74	97.76	0.9184	76.79	99.74	96.87	0.8826	92.86	98.72	97.99	0.9579
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	95.92	98	97.32	0.9696	93.20	99	97.09	0.9610	93.20	97.33	95.97	0.9527	95.24	97.33	96.64	0.9629
		Class 2	93.29	95.76	94.85	0.9453	93.90	94.35	94.18	0.9412	93.30	92.58	93.06	0.9324	88.41	94.35	92.17	0.9138
		Class 2.5	80	98.37	95.08	0.8918	86.25	94.82	93.29	0.9054	82.50	95.91	93.51	0.8921	76.25	94.28	91.05	0.8526
		Class 3	98.21 *	97.44 *	97.54 *	0.9783 *	80.36	98.98	96.64	0.8967	76.79	99.23	96.42	0.8801	83.93	97.70	95.97	0.9081

Note: * selected by Youden’s index criteria as the best classification result.