Table 6.

Multi-class classification of LF from Ju dataset for CO (Class 0), PD Stage 2 (Class 2), PD Stage 2.5 (Class 2.5), and PD Stage 3 (Class 3) using several CNN classifiers (AlexNet, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and GoogLeNet) with 10-fold cross-validation.

Time Window	Frequency Range	Disease Severity (Class)	AlexNet				ResNet-50				ResNet-101				GoogLeNet
			Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC
10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	94.47	99.02	98.21	0.9675	96.98 *	99.67 *	99.20 *	0.9833 *	93.97	99.02	98.13	0.9650	97.49	98.48	98.30	0.9798
		Class 2	93.75	98.05	96.70	0.9590	96.59 *	98.44 *	97.86 *	0.9751 *	95.17	94.66	94.82	0.9492	93.75	95.96	95.27	0.9486
		Class 2.5	94.13	94.85	94.55	0.9449	98.26	93.64	95.54	0.9595	92.61	95.61	94.38	0.9411	93.26	94.09	93.75	0.9368
		Class 3	80.73	97.73	96.07	0.8923	70.64	99.90	97.05	0.8527	80.73	99.51	97.68	0.9012	71.56	99.51	96.79	0.8553
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	96.48	98.70	98.30	0.9759	94.47	99.46	98.57	0.9696	94.97	98.91	98.21	0.9694	92.46	98.70	97.59	0.9558
		Class 2	92.90	98.70	96.88	0.9580	93.18	97.01	95.80	0.9509	95.45	94.79	95	0.9512	93.47	96.35	95.45	0.9491
		Class 2.5	97.39 *	96.52 *	96.88 *	0.9695 *	96.52	95.45	95.89	0.9599	92.83	96.97	95.27	0.9490	93.70	97.12	95.71	0.9541
		Class 3	90.83	99.11	98.30	0.9497	89.91	99.60	98.66	0.9476	87.16	99.70	98.48	0.9343	93.58	98.52	98.04	0.9605
15 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	93.80	99.17	98.22	0.9648	96.12	98.84	98.36	0.9748	93.80	98.67	97.81	0.9623	93.02	99.50	98.36	0.9626
		Class 2	95.63	97.60	96.99	0.9662	91.27	98	95.89	0.9464	92.14	97.41	95.75	0.9477	96.51	95.81	96.03	0.9616
		Class 2.5	94.33	96.98	95.89	0.9566	96.67	95.35	95,89	0.9601	96.67	94.88	95.62	0.9578	92	97.21	95.07	0.9460
		Class 3	88.89	98.02	97.12	0.9346	90.28	99.24	98.36	0.9476	83.33	99.24	97.67	0.9129	90.28	98.18	97.40	0.9423
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	90.70	98.50	97.12	0.9460	87.60	99.17	97.12	0.9338	93.80	98.17	97.40	0.9598	89.92	98	96.58	0.9396
		Class 2	93.01	97.01	95.75	0.9501	93.89	96.01	95.34	0.9495	93.45	94.61	94.25	0.9403	88.21	96.41	93.84	0.9231
		Class 2.5	94.67	97.44	96.30	0.9605	94.33	96.05	95.34	0.9519	91.67	95.58	93.97	0.9362	94.67	93.95	94.25	0.9431
		Class 3	94.44	98.02	97.67	0.9623	88.89	98.02	97.12	0.9346	79.17	99.09	97.12	0.8913	86.11	98.48	97.26	0.9230
30 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	86.21	98.52	96.37	0.9237	91.38	100	98.49	0.9569	89.66	100	98.19	0.9483	84.48	98.17	95.77	0.9133
		Class 2	92.23	93.86	93.35	0.9305	96.12	96.49	96.37	0.9630	96.12	95.61	95.77	0.9587	85.44	94.74	91.84	0.9009
		Class 2.5	91.85	96.94	94.86	0.9440	96.30	93.88	94.86	0.9509	96.30	89.29	92.15	0.9279	96.30	92.35	93.96	0.9432
		Class 3	97.14 *	98.65 *	98.49 *	0.9790 *	77.14	99.32	96.98	0.8823	51.43	99.66	94.56	0.7555	85.71	99.32	97.89	0.9252
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	89.66	97.07	95.77	0.9336	79.31	100	96.37	0.8966	81.03	98.53	95.47	0.8978	82.76	94.87	92.75	0.8882
		Class 2	83.50	96.05	92.15	0.8977	85.44	93.42	90.94	0.8943	90.29	90.79	90.63	0.9054	79.61	92.98	88.82	0.8630
		Class 2.5	93.33	93.37	93.35	0.9335	95.56	87.24	90.63	0.9140	91.11	87.76	89.12	0.8943	89.63	93.37	91.84	0.9150
		Class 3	91.43	98.31	97.58	0.9487	71.43	98.89	96.07	0.8521	48.57	99.32	93.96	0.7395	82.86	97.30	95.77	0.9008

Note: * selected by Youden’s index criteria as the best classification result.