Table 7.

Multi-class classification of LF from Si dataset for CO (Class 0), PD Stage 2 (Class 2), PD Stage 2.5 (Class 2.5), and PD Stage 3 (Class 3) using several CNN classifiers (AlexNet, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and GoogLeNet) with 10-fold cross-validation.

Time Window	Frequency Range	Disease Severity (Class)	AlexNet				ResNet-50				ResNet-101				GoogLeNet
			Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC
10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	97.99	98.10	98.05	0.9804	97.70	99.52	98.70	0.9861	97.99	97.38	97.66	0.9768	97.13	96.67	96.88	0.9690
		Class 2	94.64	91.20	92.71	0.9292	97.92	95.60	96.61	0.9676	95.83	94.91	95.31	0.9537	94.35	92.82	93.49	0.9358
		Class 2.5	61.90	98.39	94.40	0.8015	86.90	99.27	97.92	0.9309	82.14	99.56	97.66	0.9085	73.81	99.12	96.35	0.8647
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	98.56 *	99.05 *	98.83 *	0.9881 *	96.84	99.05	98.05	0.9794	96.26	96.43	96.35	0.9635	95.98	98.57	97.40	0.9727
		Class 2	95.83 *	98.84 *	97.53 *	0.9734 *	97.32	96.06	96.61	0.9669	95.54	93.52	94.40	0.9453	94.64	93.98	94.27	0.9431
		Class 2.5	98.81 *	98.39 *	98.44 *	0.9860 *	91.67	99.12	98.31	0.9539	80.95	99.85	97.79	0.9040	84.52	98.10	96.61	0.9131
15 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	97.41	97.50	97.46	0.9746	96.12	99.29	97.85	0.9770	96.55	97.86	97.27	0.9720	99.14	97.14	98.05	0.9814
		Class 2	92.41	94.79	93.75	0.9360	96.88	94.10	95.31	0.9549	95.98	95.14	95.51	0.9556	93.30	97.57	95.70	0.9544
		Class 2.5	82.14	97.59	95.90	0.8987	85.71	98.90	97.46	0.9231	87.50	99.12	97.85	0.9331	91.07	98.46	97.66	0.9477
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	94.83	98.57	96.88	0.9670	93.53	98.57	96.29	0.9605	96.12	97.50	96.88	0.9681	96.12	96.79	96.48	0.9645
		Class 2	93.30	95.49	94.53	0.9439	96.43	92.36	94.14	0.9439	95.09	93.40	94.14	0.9425	95.54	94.44	94.92	0.9499
		Class 2.5	96.43	97.37	97.27	0.9690	85.71	98.90	97.46	0.9231	80.36	98.90	96.88	0.8963	85.71	99.56	98.05	0.9264
30 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	93.97	96.43	95.31	0.9520	93.97	97.86	96.09	0.9591	94.83	96.43	95.70	0.9563	95.69	97.86	96.88	96.77
		Class 2	92.86	93.75	93.36	0.9330	94.64	93.75	94.14	0.9420	95.54	88.19	91.41	0.9187	92.86	93.75	93.36	93.30
		Class 2.5	89.29	98.25	97.27	0.9377	89.29	98.25	97.27	0.9377	57.14	99.56	94.92	0.7835	82.14	97.37	95.70	89.76
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	97.41	94.29	95.70	0.9585	93.10	98.57	96.09	0.9584	94.83	95	94.92	0.9491	93.10	98.57	96.09	0.9584
		Class 2	88.39	93.75	91.41	0.9107	93.75	89.58	91.41	0.9167	90.18	89.58	89.84	89.88	91.07	93.06	92.19	0.9206
		Class 2.5	75	97.37	94.92	0.8618	71.43	97.37	94.53	0.8440	64.29	97.81	94.14	81.05	92.86	96.49	96.09	0.9467

Note: * selected by Youden’s index criteria as the best classification result.