Table 8.

Multi-class classification of RF from Ga dataset for CO (Class 0), PD Stage 2 (Class 2), PD Stage 2.5 (Class 2.5), and PD Stage 3 (Class 3) using several CNN classifiers (AlexNet, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and GoogLeNet) with 10-fold cross-validation.

Time Window	Frequency Range	Disease Severity (Class)	AlexNet				ResNet-50				ResNet-101				GoogLeNet
			Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC
10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	98.88	98.11	98.37	0.9850	97.76	99.11	98.66	0.9844	98.43 *	99 *	98.81 *	0.9872 *	96.20	98.89	98	0.9754
		Class 2	95.33	95.56	95.47	0.9544	94.92	97.54	96.59	0.9623	95.53	97.19	96.59	0.9636	93.50	96.61	95.47	0.9505
		Class 2.5	76.25	96.21	92.65	0.8623	91.67	97.02	96.07	0.9434	89.58	95.93	94.80	0.9276	89.17	94.94	93.91	0.9205
		Class 3	78.57	97.96	95.55	0.8827	90.48	99.24	98.14	0.9486	80.95	99.32	97.03	0.9014	79.76	98.81	96.44	0.8929
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	97.76	99.67	99.03	0.9871	94.85	98.89	97.55	0.9687	96.20	97.78	97.25	0.9699	96.42	97.56	97.18	0.9699
		Class 2	97.97 *	97.78 *	97.85 *	0.9787 *	96.14	96.02	96.07	0.9608	94.31	96.26	95.55	0.9528	90.04	96.96	94.43	0.9350
		Class 2.5	89.17	98.28	96.66	0.9373	91.67	98.28	97.10	0.9498	90	97.29	95.99	0.9364	86.67	94.85	93.39	0.9076
		Class 3	93.45	98.64	98	0.9605	94.05 *	99.24 *	98.59 *	0.9664 *	86.90	99.24	97.70	0.9307	82.14	98.13	96.14	0.9014
15 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	97.31	99	98.44	0.9815	96.63	99.50	98.55	0.9807	95.96	99	97.99	0.9748	98.98	98.17	98.10	0.9807
		Class 2	93.90	98.24	96.66	0.9607	96.95	97.01	96.99	0.9698	96.04	96.13	96.10	0.9609	90.85	96.66	94.54	0.9376
		Class 2.5	96.88 *	96.88 *	96.88 *	0.9688 *	92.50	97.83	96.88	0.9516	92.50	97.15	96.32	0.9483	87.50	95.79	94.31	0.9165
		Class 3	91.96	99.82	98.66	0.9579	92.86	99.49	98.66	0.9617	88.39	99.87	98.44	0.9413	89.29	99.11	97.88	0.9420
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	98.32	98.33	98.33	0.9832	95.29	98.50	97.44	0.9689	93.94	98.67	97.10	0.9630	95.96	97.33	96.88	0.9665
		Class 2	94.21	98.77	97.10	0.9649	92.38	97.01	95.32	0.9470	95.43	93.67	94.31	0.9455	91.16	94.73	93.42	0.9294
		Class 2.5	87.50	97.96	96.10	0.9273	90.63	96.61	95.54	0.9362	83.75	95.93	93.76	0.8984	78.13	97.56	94.09	0.8784
		Class 3	94.64	97.71	97.32	0.9617	91.96	98.47	97.66	0.9522	79.46	98.98	96.54	0.8922	95.54	97.83	97.55	0.9669
30 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	96.60	98.67	97.99	0.9763	95.24	99.67	98.21	0.9745	94.56	99.33	97.76	0.9695	93.20	98.33	96.64	0.9577
		Class 2	96.34	96.47	96.42	0.9640	96.34	97.17	96.87	0.9676	96.34	92.58	93.96	0.9446	95.73	92.23	93.51	0.9398
		Class 2.5	88.75	98.37	96.64	0.9356	96.25	97	96.87	0.9663	81.25	94.28	91.95	0.8776	77.50	97.28	93.74	0.8739
		Class 3	92.86	98.98	98.21	0.9592	89.29	99.49	98.21	0.9439	69.64	99.49	95.75	0.8457	85.71	98.47	96.87	0.9209
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	93.20	97.33	95.97	0.9527	91.84	97.67	95.75	0.9475	93.88	97.67	96.42	0.9577	93.88	96.33	95.53	0.9511
		Class 2	92.07	94.35	93.51	0.9321	88.41	94.35	92.17	0.9138	91.46	92.23	91.95	0.9184	85.98	93.29	90.60	0.8963
		Class 2.5	80	97.55	94.41	0.8877	90	94.01	93.29	0.9200	81.25	92.64	90.60	0.8695	73.75	94.01	90.38	0.8388
		Class 3	92.86	97.44	96.87	0.9515	82.14	98.98	96.87	0.9056	64.29	99.49	95.08	0.8189	82.14	97.19	95.30	0.8966

Note: * selected by Youden’s index criteria as the best classification result.