Table 9.

Multi-class classification of RF from Ju dataset for CO (Class 0), PD Stage 2 (Class 2), PD Stage 2.5 (Class 2.5), and PD Stage 3 (Class 3) using several CNN classifiers (AlexNet, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and GoogLeNet) with 10-fold cross-validation.

Time Window	Frequency Range	Disease Severity (Class)	AlexNet				ResNet-50				ResNet-101				GoogLeNet
			Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC
10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	96.98	99.35	98.93	0.9817	95.98	99.46	98.84	0.9772	95.48	99.57	98.84	0.9752	94.97	99.13	98.39	0.9705
		Class 2	94.89	98.31	97.23	0.9660	97.16	97.79	97.59	0.9747	97.73 *	97.40 *	97.50 *	0.9756 *	96.59	95.70	95.98	0.9615
		Class 2.5	95.43	94.70	95	0.9507	96.30	95.45	95.80	0.9588	95.87 *	96.36 *	96.16 *	0.9612 *	94.13	92.12	92.95	0.9313
		Class 3	78.90	98.62	96.70	0.8876	77.06	99.21	97.05	0.8814	81.65	99.21	97.50	0.9043	56.88	99.70	95.54	0.7829
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	97.99 *	99.24 *	99.02 *	0.9861 *	92.96	99.24	98.13	0.9610	93.97	98.81	97.95	0.9639	90.95	98.91	97.50	0.9493
		Class 2	93.47	98.44	96.88	0.9595	91.48	97.14	95.36	0.9431	95.74	94.53	94.91	0.9513	93.75	95.05	94.64	0.9440
		Class 2.5	94.13	96.82	95.71	0.9547	95.65	94.39	94.91	0.9502	89.57	97.88	94.46	0.9372	91.74	96.97	94.82	0.9435
		Class 3	95.41	98.12	97.86	0.9677	87.16	98.81	97.68	0.9298	90.83	98.22	97.50	0.9452	92.66	98.22	97.68	0.9544
15 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	96.12	99.17	98.63	0.9765	96.90	99.33	98.90	0.9812	93.02	99.50	98.36	0.9626	89.15	99.17	97.40	0.9416
		Class 2	95.63	97.41	96.85	0.9652	95.63	97.60	96.99	0.9662	95.63	96.41	96.16	09602	95.20	96.21	95.89	0.9570
		Class 2.5	93	96.98	95.34	0.9499	94	97.91	96.30	0.9595	95.67	96.51	96.16	0.9609	94.67	96.28	95.62	0.9547
		Class 3	88.89	98.02	97.12	0.9346	95.83 *	98.48 *	98.22 *	0.9716 *	90.28	99.54	98.63	0.9491	86.11	98.33	97.12	0.9222
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	93.02	99.17	98.08	0.9610	88.37	99	97.12	0.9369	90.70	99.67	98.08	0.9518	84.50	97.50	95.21	0.9100
		Class 2	94.32	95.41	95.07	0.9487	93.01	94.81	94.25	0.9391	96.94	94.61	95.34	0.9578	84.72	94.21	91.23	0.8946
		Class 2.5	91.67	96.74	94.66	0.9421	94.33	94.88	94.66	0.9461	93.33	93.72	93.56	0.9353	94.33	92.79	93.42	0.9356
		Class 3	91.67	98.33	97.67	0.9500	83.33	99.09	97.53	0.9121	69.44	99.24	96.30	0.8434	84.72	98.78	97.40	0.9175
30 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	86.21	99.63	97.28	0.9292	86.21	99.27	96.98	0.9274	87.93	100	97.89	0.9397	93.10	97.07	96.37	0.9509
		Class 2	96.12	93.42	94.26	0.9477	95.15	93.86	94.26	0.9450	89.32	95.61	93.66	0.9247	87.38	93.86	91.84	0.9062
		Class 2.5	90.37	97.45	94.56	0.9391	92.59	96.43	94.86	0.9451	97.04	86.73	90.94	0.9189	90.37	95.41	93.35	0.9289
		Class 3	94.29	97.97	97.58	0.9613	88.57	98.65	97.58	0.9361	57.14	99.66	95.17	0.7840	88.57	98.99	97.89	0.9378
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	84.48	98.17	95.77	0.9133	82.76	98.90	96.07	0.9083	86.21	98.17	96.07	0.9219	82.76	98.17	95.47	0.9046
		Class 2	91.26	93.86	93.05	0.9256	86.41	92.98	90.94	0.8970	91.26	92.54	92.15	0.9190	88.35	92.98	91.54	0.9067
		Class 2.5	94.81	95.41	95.17	0.9511	93.33	91.84	92.45	0.9259	90.37	89.80	90.03	0.9008	87.41	93.88	91.24	0.9064
		Class 3	88.57	99.66	98.49	0.9412	85.71	98.99	97.58	0.9235	54.29	98.65	93.96	0.7647	85.71	96.28	95.17	0.9100

Note: * selected by Youden’s index criteria as the best classification result.