Table 11.

Multi-class classification of CF Ga Dataset for CO (Class 0), PD Stage 2 (Class 2), PD Stage 2.5 (Class 2.5), and PD Stage 3 (Class 3) using several CNN classifiers (AlexNet, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and GoogLeNet) with 10-fold cross-validation.

Time Window	Frequency Range	Disease Severity (Class)	AlexNet				ResNet-50				ResNet-101				GoogLeNet
			Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC
10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	96.42	98.56	97.85	0.9749	97.32	99.44	98.74	0.9838	96.87	99.44	98.59	0.9816	96.20	99.33	98.29	0.9777
		Class 2	94.51	95.91	95.40	0.9521	94.11	97.54	96.29	0.9582	97.15	95.67	96.21	0.9641	94.51	95.56	95.17	0.9503
		Class 2.5	90.42	93.95	93.32	0.9218	92.92	96.21	95.62	0.9456	87.92	96.48	94.95	0.9220	81.67	94.94	92.58	0.8830
		Class 3	68.45	99.66	95.77	0.8406	89.29	99.32	98.07	0.9430	82.14	99.49	97.33	0.9082	80.36	98.22	95.99	08929
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	97.99	99.44	98.96	0.9872	95.53	98.78	97.70	0.9715	96.87	97.78	97.48	0.9732	96.87	99.22	98.44	0.9805
		Class 2	96.54	98.48	97.77	0.9751	94.92	96.02	95.62	0.9547	94.51	95.56	95.17	0.9503	94.51	96.84	95.99	0.9568
		Class 2.5	92.50	98.28	97.25	0.9539	90.42	97.56	96.29	0.9399	85	98.46	96.07	0.9173	92.08	96.75	95.92	0.9442
		Class 3	95.83	98.81	98.44	0.9732	92.26	99.24	98.37	0.9575	94.05	98.98	98.37	0.9651	90.48	99.49	98.37	0.9498
15 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	95.96	97.67	97.10	0.9681	97.64	99.17	98.66	0.9840	96.63	99.17	98.33	0.9790	92.59	98.83	96.77	0.9571
		Class 2	92.99	96.31	95.09	0.9465	92.99	98.42	96.43	0.9570	93.60	97.01	95.76	0.9530	92.68	94.90	94.09	0.9379
		Class 2.5	87.50	96.34	94.76	0.9192	90	96.07	94.98	0.9303	88.75	94.44	93.42	0.9159	83.13	94.30	92.31	0.8871
		Class 3	83.93	98.60	96.77	0.9126	91.07	98.34	97.44	0.9471	77.68	98.60	95.99	0.8814	77.68	97.45	94.98	0.8757
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	98.65 *	99 *	98.89 *	0.9883 *	97.31	99.17	98.55	0.9824	96.30	97.50	97.10	0.9690	96.63	99.17	98.33	0.9790
		Class 2	96.65 *	98.42 *	97.77 *	0.9753 *	96.04	97.54	96.99	0.9679	94.82	94.38	94.54	0.9460	95.43	97.72	96.88	0.9657
		Class 2.5	91.88 *	99.19 *	97.88 *	0.9553 *	92.50	97.69	96.77	0.9510	83.13	97.29	94.76	0.9021	90	96.20	95.09	0.9310
		Class 3	99.11 *	98.98 *	99 *	0.9904 *	91.96	99.24	98.33	0.9560	83.93	90.24	97.32	0.9158	83.93	98.34	96.54	0.9114
30 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	91.16	96.67	94.85	0.9391	93.20	97.67	96.20	0.9543	91.84	99.33	96.87	0.9559	91.84	97.33	95.53	0.9459
		Class 2	87.20	90.81	89.49	0.8900	90.85	93.99	92.84	0.9242	94.51	92.58	93.29	0.9355	89.02	93.64	91.95	0.9133
		Class 2.5	70	95.10	90.60	0.8255	87.50	95.10	93.74	0.9130	82.50	95.10	92.84	0.8880	85	95.10	93.29	0.9005
		Class 3	87.50	97.19	95.97	0.9234	82.14	99.23	97.09	0.9069	80.36	98.72	96.42	0.8954	89.29	98.98	97.76	0.9413
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	95.24	97.67	96.87	0.9645	92.52	98.33	96.42	0.9543	93.88	97.33	96.20	0.9561	95.92	94.67	95.08	0.9529
		Class 2	91.46	96.11	94.41	0.9379	93.29	94.70	94.18	0.9400	94.51	93.64	93.96	0.9408	84.76	96.47	92.17	0.9061
		Class 2.5	85	96.73	94.63	0.9087	85	95.91	93.96	0.9046	87.50	94.82	93.51	0.9116	91.25	95.10	94.41	0.9317
		Class 3	91.07	97.95	97.09	0.9451	83.93	97.95	96.20	0.9094	67.86	99.74	95.75	0.8380	83.93	99.23	97.32	0.9158

Note: * selected by Youden’s index criteria as the best classification result.