Table 13.

Multi-class classification of CF from Si dataset for CO (Class 0), PD Stage 2 (Class 2), PD Stage 2.5 (Class 2.5), and PD Stage 3 (Class 3) using several CNN classifiers (AlexNet, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and GoogLeNet) with 10-fold cross-validation.

Time Window	Frequency Range	Disease Severity (Class)	AlexNet				ResNet-50				ResNet-101				GoogLeNet
			Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC	Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC
10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	97.41	95.71	96.48	0.9656	96.84	97.62	97.27	0.9723	97.13	98.57	97.92	0.9785	93.97	99.29	96.88	0.9663
		Class 2	92.56	94.68	93.75	0.9362	94.94	95.37	95.18	0.9516	97.02	93.52	95.05	0.9527	97.02	90.05	93.10	0.9354
		Class 2.5	82.14	98.83	97.01	0.9049	89.29	98.98	97.92	0.9413	78.57	99.42	97.14	0.8899	72.62	98.83	95.96	0.8572
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	97.41 *	99.52 *	98.57 *	0.9847 *	95.98	97.62	96.88	0.9680	99.14	95.24	97.01	0.9719	97.13	97.14	97.14	0.9713
		Class 2	94.94 *	97.69 *	96.48 *	0.9631 *	95.24	96.06	95.70	0.9565	93.45	97.45	95.70	0.9545	93.15	96.06	94.79	0.9461
		Class 2.5	97.62	97.66	97.66	0.9764	95.24	98.98	98.57	0.9711	89.29	99.56	98.44	0.9442	90.48	98.25	97.40	0.9436
15 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	94.83	95.71	95.31	0.9527	97.41	97.50	97.46	0.9746	94.83	97.50	96.29	0.9616	93.97	98.57	96.48	0.9627
		Class 2	93.30	93.75	93.55	0.9353	92.86	96.53	94.92	0.9469	91.96	94.10	93.16	0.9303	94.64	91.67	92.97	0.9315
		Class 2.5	89.29	99.34	98.24	0.9431	92.86	98.03	97.46	0.9544	91.07	97.59	96.88	0.9433	80.36	98.03	96.09	0.8919
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	99.14	95.71	97.27	0.9743	94.83	96.43	95.70	0.9563	96.12	95	95.51	0.9556	94.83	99.29	97.27	0.9706
		Class 2	89.73	99.31	95.12	0.9452	91.96	95.14	93.75	0.9355	93.30	92.71	92.97	0.9301	96.88	92.36	94.34	0.9462
		Class 2.5	98.21 *	97.37 *	97.46 *	0.9779 *	94.64	98.03	97.66	0.9633	76.79	99.56	97.07	0.8817	80.36	98.68	96.68	0.8952
30 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Class 0	90.52	95.71	93.36	0.9312	96.55	97.86	97.27	0.9720	93.97	100	97.27	0.9698	90.52	93.57	92.19	0.9204
		Class 2	92.86	89.58	91.02	0.9122	93.75	92.36	92.97	0.9306	97.32	91.67	94.14	0.9449	89.29	90.28	89.84	0.8978
		Class 2.5	82.14	98.68	96.88	0.9041	75	98.25	95.70	0.8662	82.14	98.68	96.88	0.9041	85.71	98.25	96.88	0.9198
	1.95–50 Hz	Class 0	93.10	97.86	95.70	0.9548	93.97	97.86	96.09	0.9591	95.69	96.43	96.09	0.9606	91.38	93.57	92.58	0.9248
		Class 2	93.75	93.75	93.75	0.9375	92.86	91.67	92.19	0.9226	95.54	90.28	92.58	0.9291	90.18	90.28	90.23	0.9023
		Class 2.5	92.86	97.81	97.27	0.9533	78.57	97.37	95.31	0.8797	64.29	99.56	95.70	0.8192	82.14	98.68	96.88	0.9041

Note: * selected by Youden’s index criteria as the best classification result.