Table 23.

Multi-class (CO (Class 0) vs. PD Stage 2 (Class 2) vs. PD Stage 2.5 (Class 2.5), and PD Stage 3 (Class 3)) and two-class classification (CO vs. PD (Class 2, Class 2.5, and Class 3)) Summary using several CNN classifiers (AlexNet, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and GoogLeNet) with 10-fold cross-validation for all datasets.

Dataset	vGRF Signal	CNN Classifier	Time Window	Frequency Range	Classification Task		Evaluation Parameters
							Sen (%)	Spec (%)	Acc (%)	AUC
All	LF	ResNet-101	10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Multi-Class	Class 0	94.27 *	97.68 *	96.63 *	0.9597 *
		ResNet-101	10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz		Class 2	87.63 *	94.06 *	91.72 *	0.9085 *
		ResNet-50	10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz		Class 2.5	91.45 *	93.35 *	92.89 *	0.9240 *
		GoogLeNet	10 s	1.95–50 Hz		Class 3	93.14	98.17	97.74	0.9566
		ResNet-101	10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Two-Class		95.28	96.52	96.07	0.9915
	RF	ResNet-50	10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Multi-Class	Class 0	94.97	96.34	95.92	0.9566
		ResNet-101	10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz		Class 2	87.88	93.72	91.59	0.9080
		ResNet-50	15 s	0.83–1.95 Hz		Class 2.5	89.53	94.82	93.55	0.9218
		AlexNet	10 s	1.95–50 Hz		Class 3	94.95 *	97.30 *	97.09 *	0.9612 *
		ResNet-101	10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Two-Class		94.46 *	97.69 *	96.63 *	0.9949 *
	CF	ResNet-50	10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Multi-Class	Class 0	91.65	96.21	94.81	0.9393
		ResNet-50	10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz		Class 2	87.37	91.19	89.80	0.8928
		ResNet-50	10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz		Class 2.5	85.20	95.55	93.04	0.9038
		AlexNet	10 s	1.95–50 Hz		Class 3	92.06	98.61	98.05	0.9534
		ResNet-101	10 s	0.83–1.95 Hz	Two-Class		92.71	95.11	94.37	0.9856

Note: * denotes the best classification result and was selected using Youden’s index criteria.