Table 1.
Socio-demographic profiles and clinical presentations of the participants (n = 745).
| Variables | Mean + SD | N | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 35.3 ± 12.1 | ||
| Age of menarche (years) | 12.9 ± 4.5 | ||
| Age of menopause (years) | 49.4 ± 4.6 | ||
| Ethnic | |||
| Malay | 418 | 56.1 | |
| Chinese | 141 | 18.9 | |
| Indian | 137 | 18.4 | |
| Others | 49 | 6.6 | |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 414 | 55.6 | |
| Single | 287 | 38.5 | |
| Divorcee/separated/widow | 44 | 5.9 | |
| Employment | |||
| Employed | 443 | 59.5 | |
| Not employed | 20 | 2.7 | |
| Housewife | 143 | 19.2 | |
| Student | 139 | 18.7 | |
| Breast lump | |||
| Yes | 655 | 87.9 | |
| No | 90 | 12.1 | |
| Breast swelling | |||
| Yes | 132 | 17.7 | |
| No | 613 | 82.3 | |
| Breast pain | |||
| Yes | 336 | 45.1 | |
| No | 409 | 54.9 | |
| Breast abscess | |||
| Yes | 16 | 2.1 | |
| No | 729 | 97.9 | |
| Breast rash | |||
| Yes | 28 | 3.8 | |
| No | 717 | 96.2 | |
| Other symptoms | |||
| Yes | 89 | 11.9 | |
| No | 656 | 88.1 | |
| Site of breast symptom | |||
| Right | 343 | 46.0 | |
| Left | 320 | 43.0 | |
| Both | 81 | 10.9 | |
| Mean duration of symptoms (weeks) | 39.3 ± 95.4 | ||
| History of breastfeeding | |||
| Yes | 226 | 30.3 | |
| No | 519 | 69.7 | |
| History of using oral contraceptive pills | |||
| Yes | 97 | 14.8 | |
| No | 557 | 85.2 | |
| History of using hormonal replacement Therapy | |||
| Yes | 15 | 2.3 | |
| No | 639 | 97.7 | |
| History of drinking alcohol | |||
| Yes | 23 | 3.5 | |
| No | 629 | 96.5 | |
| History of cigarette smoking | |||
| Yes | 20 | 3.1 | |
| No | 634 | 96.9 | |
| Positive family history of BC | |||
| Yes | 50 | 6.7 | |
| No | 695 | 93.3 | |
| CES-D total score | 17.35 ± 9.3 | ||
| STAI total score | 42.1 ± 9.1 | ||
| MSPSS total score | 67.6 ± 10.6 | ||
CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression; RR: risk ratio; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y-2; MSPSS: Multidimensional Scale to Perceived Social Support.