Table 1.
Parameters for chitosan acid hydrolysis.
| Reference | Chitosan | Solvent | Solvent Concentration | Temperature | Time | Mw/DP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [4] | 5% | CH3COOH | 1–5% | 30–60 °C | 30–90 min | 166.3–592.8 kDa |
| [9] | 3.33% | HCl | 6 M | 70 °C | 2 h | 2–12 DP |
| [15] | 0.8% | HCl | 0.15 and 1.5 M | 25–45 °C | 0–60 h | 20–90 kDa |
| [23] | 2% | HCl | 6.27 M | 56 °C | 3 h | - |
| [24] | 1% | HCl | 0.1–5 M | 65 °C | 13–2160 min | 73.8–1076 kDa |
| [25] | 0.5% | HCl | 8, 10, and 12 M | 90 and 105 °C | 0–10 h | - |
| [26] | 255 mg | ([C4mim] Cl 1 or [C4mim]Br 2) + (H2SO4 or HCl or HNO3) + (Water) | (4g) + (290–600 mg)+ (27–108 mg) | 100 °C | 190–540 min | - |
| [27] | 1% | HCl | 2 M | - | 0.5–24 h | 1.5–29 kDa |
| [35] | 1% | C3H6O3 | 1% | 8, 22, and 37 °C | 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 days | - |
| [36] | 5% | H3PO4 | 85% | Ambient; (40, 60, and 80 °C) | 35 days; (1–15 h) | 19–164 kDa |
| [37] | 0.2% | HCl:H3PO4 | 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100 (6M H+) 75:25 (4, 6, 8, and 10 M H+) | 110 °C | 0–36 h | - |
1 [C4mim]Cl: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; 2 [C4mim]Br: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide.