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The diagram of the brain stimulation devices. (A) Deep-brain stimulation (DBS); (B) invasive vagus nerve stimulation (iVNS); (C) non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS); (D) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS); (E) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS); (F) transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). Created with BioRender.com. The sharp arrow means the direction of energy flow.
