Table 3.

Multivariable logistic regression analysis on factors associated with self-perceived or ICMJE-defined honorary authorship.

		Self-perceived HA	ICMJE-defined HA
	Reference	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Length of academic experience	<10 years	1.38 (0.92–2.08)	1.98 (1.10–3.54)∗
Aware of authorship guidelines	No	0.68 (0.33–1.41)	0.91 (0.34–2.44)
Aware of the general issue of HA	No	0.71 (0.45–1.10)	1.33 (0.67–2.64)
Presence of automatically listed senior member	No	3.31 (1.76–6.24)∗	5.03 (2.89–9.78)∗
Dispute regarding authorship order	No	1.18 (0.73–1.93)	1.70 (0.83–3.48)
Negatively affected relationship due to authorship decision	No	1.40 (0.80–2.46)	1.57 (0.74–3.36)
Senior member decided authorship order	No	1.39 (0.93–2.10)	1.67 (0.92–3.03)

∗p < 0.05.