Table 2.
Pharmacological effects of resveratrol on the aging process in kidney tissues or cells.
| Organs/Cells/ Tissues |
Experimental Models | Resveratrol Doses | Mechanisms Involved | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney | AKI in mice | 100 μL of 100 mg/kg | ↓ TLR4 activation, iNOS, ↓ Apoptotic factors (Bax, Bcl-xL) |
[77] |
| Kidney | AKI in rats | 30 mg/kg | ↓ Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, ↓ GRP78, Bip, pIRE1 and p65, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 ↑ IL-10 |
[34] |
| Kidney | AKI in rats | 30 mg/kg | ↓ TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 ↓ pIRE1 and pNF-κB |
[35] |
| Kidney | AKI in rats | 100 mg/kg | ↓ MDA and TNF-α ↑ GSH levels and SOD |
[78] |
| Kidney | Cisplatin-induced kidney injury in mice | 10 mg/kg | ↑ SIRT1 and acetylation of p53 ↑ GFR |
[52] |
| Kidney | db/db mice | 40 mg/kg daily | ↓ Serum creatinine, albumin, NOX4, αSMA, and fibronection; ↑ AMPK, and ACC |
[79] |
| Kidney | Diabetic nephropathy in rats | (50 mg/kg/day) | ↓ ER stress related factors (p-PERK, GRP78, ATF4, and CHOP) | [80] |
| Kidney | Diabetic nephropathy in mice | 100 mg/kg /day for 12 weeks | ↑ LC3-II/LC3-I and synaptopodin ↓ Cleaved caspase 3 |
[81] |
| Kidney | Diabetic nephropathy in rats | 5 mg/kg/day | ↑ SIRT1-mediated autophagy | [82] |
| Kidney | Hypertensive rats | 50 mg for 9 weeks | ↓ Kidney inflammation and injury ↓ Oxidative stress, ↑ Nrf2 and GST activity |
[83] |
| Kidney | Progressive IgA nephropathy in mice | 100 mg/kg | ↓ NLRP3 inflammasome ↓ IL-1β, F4/80, CD3 ↓ Glomerular proliferation, glomerular sclerosis, and glomerular inflammation ↓ Superoxide anion levels |
[84] |
| Kidney | Polycystic kidney in rats | 200 mg/kg/day | ↓ NF-κB (p50/p65) ↓ MCP-1, TNF-α, and CFB |
[85] |
| Kidney | STZ-induced diabetes in rats | 30 mg/kg/day | ↓ Proteinuria, MDA, apoptosis ↑ Mn-SOD, SIRT1, PGC-1α |
[55] |
| Kidney | STZ-induced diabetes in rats | 30 mg/kg/day | ↓ Renal function glomerulosclerosis, MDA, and acetylated-FOXO3a; ↑ SIRT1 deacetylase activity; |
[50] |
| Kidney | UUO in mice |
20 mg/kg | ↓ Kidney injury & kidney fibrosis. ↓ MMP7, EMT |
[86] |
| Kidney | UUO in mice | 200 µg/g food | ↓ NF-κB, IL-8, and TNF-α ↑ IL-10 and SIRT1 |
[51] |
| Kidney | UUO in rats | 20 mg/kg/day | ↓ MAPK, PI3K/Akt ↓ TGF-β1-induced FMD ↓ Myofibroblastic phenotype |
[87] |
| Kidney | 5/6 nephrectomy in rats | 20 mg/kg | ↑ Mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP ↑ SIRT1 and PGC-1α deacetylation |
[43] |
| HK-2 cells | LPS-treated cells | 20 μM | ↓ TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 ↓ pIRE1 and pNF-κB |
[35] |
| HK-2 cells | High glucose-treated cells | 25 μM | ↓ MDA, and acetylated-FOXO3a ↑ SIRT1 deacetylase activity; |
[50] |
| Mouse podocytes | High glucose-treated cells | 10 μM | ↓ Mitochondrial ROS ↑ SOD, SIRT1, PGC-1α ↓ Apoptosis |
[55] |
| NRK-49F cells | High glucose-treated cells | 20 μM | ↓ ROS, NOX4, αSMA, and fibronection; ↑ AMPK, and ACC |
[79] |
| NRK-49F cells | Iohexol-treated cells | 10 μM | ↑ SIRT1, PGC-1α, SOD ↓ FoxO1, MDA |
[88] |
Acute kidney injury, AKI; AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK; chronic kidney disease, CKD; glomerular filtration rate, GFR; sirtuin type 1, SIRT1; superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px; malondialdehyde, MDA; interleukin, IL; tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α; nitric oxide, NO; nuclear factor- erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2); fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23); glutathione-S-transferase, GST; NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, NLRP3; lipopolysaccharide, LPS; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3); forkhead box, FOXO; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, PGC-1α; caloric restriction, CR; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, (MCP-1), Streptozotocin, STZ; tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α; and complement factor B, CFB, fibroblast–myofibroblast differentiation, FMD. ↓: Decreased, and ↑: Increased.