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. 2021 Jul 29;22(15):8148. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158148

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© 2021 by the author.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic overview of modRNA applications in cell fate conversion and potential therapies of modRNA-induced cells. modRNA can be applied for somatic reprogramming to pluripotency (transfection numbers: 3~20 times) and stem cell differentiation to therapeutic cells (transfection numbers: 1~3 times). modRNA also can induce the transdifferentiation of somatic cells to distinct therapeutic cells (transfection numbers: 1~14 times). In addition, one direct injection of therapeutic modRNAs to defective organs may promote tissue regeneration and repair.