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Endoglin mRNA is upregulated in HUVECs following beta-blocker treatment. Placental explant expression of sFlt-1 isoforms, sFlt-1-e15a (A) and sFlt-1-i13 (B) was not affected by treatment with beta-blockers carvedilol (Carv), bisoprolol (Bis), or metoprolol (Met). HUVEC expression of ENG mRNA (C) was significantly increased with top dose Carv and Met, but not Bis. Data are mean ± SEM, expressed as a percentage of control, n = 3–4, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
