Figure 2.

Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results of Vadadustat vs. control comparison. RNA-Seq was performed on samples collected after 6 h preconditioning of six human BM-MSCs populations with 40 μM Vadadustat compared to cells cultured in 20% O₂ (control) (a) Results of GSEA Hallmark analysis showing enriched gene sets. Bars in red indicate significant enrichment at FDR < 25%, bars in gray represent gene sets with FDR > 25% and a nominal p value < 5%. A positive normalized enrichment score (NES) value indicates enrichment in the Vadadustat phenotype. (b) Heat map of the top 50 marker genes for each phenotype in the comparison of Vadadustat (left column) vs. control (right column). Expression values are represented as colors and range from red (high expression), pink (moderate), light blue (low) to dark blue (lowest expression) (c) Enrichment plots for top five data sets enriched in GSEA Hallmark Vadadustat vs. control analysis, showing the profile of the running ES Score and positions of gene set members on the rank-ordered list (d) Gene sets significantly enriched (FDR q-val < 0.25) in the comparison of Vadadustat vs. control using the gene ontology biological processes, ordered by the increasing NES (a negative NES indicates enrichment in the control phenotype) with the number of genes assigned to each gene set given next to the bar (e) Gene sets significantly enriched (FDR q-val < 0.25) in the comparison of Vadadustat vs. control using the REACTOME database, ordered by NES (a negative NES indicates enrichment in the control phenotype) with a number of genes assigned to each gene sets shown next to the bar.