Table 1.

Indications for surgery in ulcerative colitis and associated biomarkers.

Indication for Surgery	Biomarkers
Emergent condition (severe bleeding, toxic megacolon, etc.)	None currently (clinically determined)
Refractory disease (urgent or elective surgery)	C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
	Fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin
	S100A12
	Serologies
	Drug-related biomarkers
	Peripheral eosinophilia
	Procalcitonin
	Hypoalbuminemia
	CRP/Albumin ratio
	Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR)
	Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR)