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. 2021 Aug 7;40:248. doi: 10.1186/s13046-021-02049-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — KHS101 induces a metabolic impairment and death in NSCLC cells. Bar graphs showing quantification of basal respiration, indicative glycolysis and ATP-linked respiration in A549 (A) or Calu-1 (B) treated with KHS101 for 24 h compared to control cells (DMSO). Bars are average values of biological replicates ± SD. P-values are from unpaired t-test. * < 0.05, ** < 0.01, *** < 0.001, **** < 0.0001. C) Electron microscopy images of A549 treated 96 h either with vehicle (DMSO) or KHS101 10 μM (M: mitochondria, V: microvilli). Dead cell quantification as green object count using Cytotox green reagent (D) or caspse-3/7 reagent (E) of vehicle or KHS101 treated A549 cells. F) Dead cell quantification as green object count of A549 treated either with DMSO or KHS101 in combination with pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. In D, E and F points are average of biological replicates ± SD. P-value are from two-way ANOVA. **** < 0.0001. G) Real-time proliferation curves of A549 and H460 treated with KHS101 and/or cisplatin compared to control cells. Cell death is shown as green object count in H). Points are average values of biological replicates ± SD. P-values are from two-way ANOVA and analyzed comparing the combination of drugs to control and the respective drug alone. **** < 0.0001. Percentage of ROS-positive cells in A549 cells treated with KHS101 and/or cisplatin for 24 h are shown in FACS plots (I) and a graph bar (J). P-values are from one-way ANOVA. Bars are average of biological replicates ± SD. * < 0.05